Settlement, Population and Migration Flashcards
Settlement Pattern- identify, draw, describe each pattern ○ Factors influencing population distribution (physical- relief, availability of water etc, human- availability of jobs etc) ○ Migration (types of migration- internal, regional, international, causes- push and pull factors, and impacts of migration- social, environmental, economic
what is a settlement?
A settlement is a place where people live. It can be large (city) or small (village). Settlements can be permanent or temporary.
Types of Settlements
Rural Settlements: These are located in the countryside and are often smaller in size. They are typically involved in farming, forestry, or other primary industries.
Urban Settlements: These are found in cities or towns. They are characterized by higher population density and more developed infrastructure (e.g., roads, schools, hospitals).
Types of Urban Settlements
Cities: Large urban areas with significant economic, political, and cultural importance.
Towns: Smaller than cities, often serving as a hub for nearby rural areas.
Villages: Small settlements, often with limited infrastructure and resources.
Factors Influencing Settlement Patterns
Physical Factors
Availability of water (rivers, lakes, etc.)
Fertile land for agriculture
Climate (temperate climates are often favored)
Natural resources (e.g., minerals, forests)
Factors Influencing Settlement Patterns
Human Factors
Economic opportunities (e.g., trade, employment)
Political stability
Availability of social services (e.g., healthcare, education)
Transportation (ease of access)
what is Population
Population refers to the number of people living in a specific area
Patterns of Settlements
Nucleated Settlements: Buildings are concentrated in a small area, usually around a central point (e.g., a village center).
Dispersed Settlements: People live far apart, typically in rural or agricultural areas.
Linear Settlements: People settle along a road, river, or coastline.
what is Migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another, either temporarily or permanently. It can occur within a country (internal migration) or between countries (international migration).
Types of Migration
Voluntary Migration: People choose to move for reasons like better jobs, education, or living conditions.
Forced Migration: People are forced to move due to factors like war, natural disasters, or persecution (e.g., refugees).
Push and Pull Factors
Push Factors: Conditions that make people want to leave an area (e.g., unemployment, lack of resources, poor living conditions, conflict).
Pull Factors: Conditions that attract people to a new area (e.g., better job opportunities, political stability, better healthcare, better quality of life).
Effects of Migration
Positive: Economic growth, cultural exchange, population balance, remittances (money sent back home by migrants).
Negative: Brain drain (loss of skilled workers), overcrowding, strain on resources and services, social tension.
what is Urbanization
The process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas, usually for better economic opportunities, education, or healthcare.
Impacts of Urbanization
Positive: Economic development, more job opportunities, improved infrastructure and services.
Negative: Overcrowding, pollution, traffic congestion, and strain on housing and public services.
