Settlement Patterns Flashcards
Aboriginal
The people who were the first inhabitants of Canada before the arrival of the Europeans
Inuit
The aboriginal people of Northern Canada
Metis
The aboriginal people who have both an indigenous and European ethnic background
First Nations
An indigenous aboriginal community officially recognized as an administrative unit by the federal government or functioning as such without official status.
Reserve
Government-owned land set aside for the exclusive use of Aboriginal people.
Bridge point
Cities grow up and around where a bridge can easily be built across a river (look in photos)
Confluence
Cities grow up where two or more rivers meet, because this lets people travel by water in many directions (look in photos)
Head of navigation
Cities grow up at the furthest point that you can go by water transport before you have to change to land transport (look in photos)
Good harbour
Cities grow up where there is a good deep place for ships to stop and unload their cargoes (look in photos)
Island
Cities grow up on islands because they are protected from attack by the open water (look in photos)
Resources (settlement pattern)
Cities start because they are close to resources (like forests and mines) and they become the place where rose resources are made into other things
CMA
Census Metropolitan Area. Area consisting of one or more neighbouring municipalities situated around a core. A census metropolitan area must have a total population of at least 100,000 of which 50,000 or more live in the core. (EX. Toronto, Vancouver, Montreal, etc.)
Ecumene
Inhabited land
Urban
Relating to towns and cities. In Canada, over the past 100 years, the majority of Canada’s population has moved from rural to urban areas
Rural
Relating to the countryside. Rural areas are becoming less populated over time. For most of Canada’s history, Canada’s population has mostly lived in rural areas. However, the population is now moving from rural areas into urban areas. Urban sprawl is causing cities to expand into rural areas.
Land use
The planning that goes into the different locations of zones in settled areas. Approximately 80% of Canadians live, work, travel, shop and spend leisure time in cities.
Residential
The land use zone containing apartments, houses, condominiums, etc. This land use zone takes up 40% of a city’s area. (EX. Russel Woods)
Transportation
The land use zone containing roads, highways, rail lines etc. This land use zone takes up 32% of a city’s area. (EX. EC Row, 401, Manning, etc.)
Institutional
The land use zone containing schools, hospitals and other public buildings. This land use zone takes up 10% of a city’s area. (EX. TVA, Met Hospital, etc.)
Open Space and Recreational
The land use zone containing parks, golf courses, etc. This land use zone takes up 7% of a city’s area. (EX. Lacasse Park, Beach Grove, etc.)
Industrial
The land use zone containing factories and other industrial businesses. This land use zone takes up 6% of a city’s area. (EX. Green Giant, CS Wind, etc.)
Commercial
The land use zone containing stores, malls, restaurants, plazas, etc. This land use zone takes up 5% of a city’s area. (EX. Green Valley Plaza, Devonshire, Zehrs, etc.)
Beringia
A land bridge that connected Russia and Alaska that existed only during the ice age. The theory is that this is how the native peoples travelled to Canada.
Aboriginal communities and challenges of living in the North
Aboriginal communities are called reserves. There are unsuccessful and successful aboriginal communities within Canada. Successful aboriginal communities are developed, have a healthy economy, good education and employment rates and do not rely on the government for natural resources and income. An example of a successful aboriginal community is Membertou, Nova Scotia. Unsuccessful aboriginal communities have poor education and high unemployment rates, are underdeveloped, consist of many government owned buildings and rely on the government for income and natural resources. An example of an unsuccessful aboriginal community is Kashechewan, Ontario. Aboriginal communities in the north face many challenges. The northern parts of Canada are extremely cold, consists of many wetlands which leads to flooding, are isolated from major cities and are very hard to grow food in and access natural resources.
