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IS/IIS Geography > Settlement - IS > Flashcards

Settlement - IS Flashcards

Revision for IIS Exam

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1
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A place where people live

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2
Q

Name all 5 types of settlement

A

Isolated houses and Farms
Hamlets
Villages
Towns
Cities
Mega Cities

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3
Q

Name all 6 types of settlement sites

A

Defensive sites
Wet point sites
Dry point site
Bridging point
Gap site
Route centre

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4
Q

Name the 2 possible features of a defensive site

A

On high, steep land
or
Raised land in the centre of a river bend

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5
Q

Why were defensive sites on high or raised land?

A

So that it was harder to attack and so that they could spot enemies from afar

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6
Q

Name the 1 main feature of a wet point site

A

People needed a near source of fresh water for drinking, washing, cooking and cleaning

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7
Q

Name the 1 main feature of a dry point site

A

Sits above the river on river terraces

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8
Q

Why were dry point sites on river terraces?

A

Protection from most floods

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9
Q

Name the 1 feature of a bridging point

A

The river is narrow enough to build a bridge

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10
Q

Name the 3 features of a gap site

A

Formed in flat valleys in between high land
Provided a route through the area
Trade often took place

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11
Q

Name the 3 features of a route centre

A

Routes meet at this point
Sometimes at gap sites
Trade could take place

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12
Q

What 5 things attracted settlers to specific sites?

A

Flat Land
Water
Food
Trade
Transport

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13
Q

Name 2 things the best sites for early settlement had:

A

Natural stone, wood and clay (building materials)
Undulating land (easier for building and thick soil for farming)

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14
Q

Why do people in the UK not rely on wood as a source of fuel anymore?

A

Found better ways of generating power such as
water
wind
fossil fuels

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15
Q

Why can we now build bridges over wide rivers?

A

New material and building techniques
(concrete, aluminium) (machinery)

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16
Q

Why is is not essential to live near a water source now?

A

Water is taken from rivers to reservoirs. Cleaned and treated, then pumped through pipes into our homes.

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17
Q

Why are rivers not really used for transport anymore?

A

Boats have become too large to fit through narrow rivers. It is cheaper to use 1 big boat rather than several small boats.

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18
Q

Name 7 settlement functions

A

Industrial
Market
Port
Defensive
Religious
Tourism
Commuter/Dormitory

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19
Q

What 4 things to look out for in an industrial functioned settlement:

A

Factories
Quarries
Mining areas
Landfill Sites

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20
Q

What 4 things to look out for in a market functioned settlement:

A

Centre point where routes meet
Flat, fertile land
Bridging points
Gap sites

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21
Q

What 4 things to look out for in a port functioned settlement:

A

Old ports upstream or on narrow sections of river
Modern ports on wider sections of river
Coastal ports next to the sea

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22
Q

What 3 things to look out for in a defensive functioned settlement:

A

Castles or forts
Steep, raised land
River bends/moat

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23
Q

What 3 things to look out for in a religious functioned settlement:

A

Cathedrals
Abbeys
Churches

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24
Q

Name 4 things to look out for in a tourism functioned settlement:

A

Tourist Info centres
Museums
Hotels
Caravan sites

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25
Q

What 4 things to look out for in a commuter/dormitory functioned settlement:

A

Easy travelling distance of larger settlements
Less pollution
Low crime rate
More open space

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26
Q

Name 5 of Aberdeen’s functions

A

Education
Entertainment
Transport
Religious
Commercial

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27
Q

Is Elgin a tourist resort?

A

A minor one. It has:
Museums
Castles
Walking Trails
Sports Centre
Visitor Centre

28
Q

What would farms have provided for towns and villages in the past?

A

Produce (eg. vegetables, milk, meat and fruit)
Source of money when sold in market

29
Q

Give an example of a village

A

Kincardine O Neill

30
Q

Give an example of a town

A

Stonehaven

31
Q

Give an example of a city

A

Aberdeen

32
Q

Give an example of a megacity

A

Tokyo

33
Q

What does CBD stand for?

A

Central Business District

34
Q

Where is the CBD usually located?

A

The centre of a city where routes meet

35
Q

Name the 2 main land uses in the CBD

A

Business/Offices
Shops

36
Q

Give 3 characteristics of the CBD

A

Busy - High building density
High land prices
Central point of a city

37
Q

Why is there no/little housing in the CBD?

A

High land values = high rent

38
Q

What type of shops make up the majority of shops in the CBD?

A

High Order Shops

39
Q

Name 1 High Order Shop

A

Primark

40
Q

Name one High order entertainment or public building

A

His Majesty’s Theater

41
Q

What type of shops are considered high order?

A

Jewellers
Mobile phone shops
Large chain stores
Speciality stores

42
Q

What type of services are considered high order?

A

Museums
Cinemas
Theatres
Courts
Central Libraries

43
Q

Where else can you find high order shops and services?

A

In retail parks
Hospitals can be found further out in the city

44
Q

What type of shops and services are considered middle order?

A

Small supermarkets
Hairdressers
Banks

45
Q

Give an example of a middle order shop or service

A

Bank of Scotland Branch

46
Q

What type of shops and services are considered low order?

A

Newsagents
Convenience Stores

47
Q

Give an example of a low order shop or service

A

Spar

48
Q

What part of the city was built during the industrial revolution?

A

The Inner City
1760-1840

49
Q

Why were streets built in a grid iron pattern?

A

There was little transport and a need for space

50
Q

What problems do we face now with narrow streets?

A

Less car parking
Less space to pass through for buses and cars

51
Q

Give 3 characteristics of the Inner City

A

Old tenement houses
Convenience Stores
Old or abandoned factory buildings

52
Q

What was the air like in the inner city?

A

Low air quality and lots of pollution

53
Q

Did tenement houses have electricity and water?

A

No

54
Q

What kind of people lived in the inner city back in the day?

A

Factory workers and their families

55
Q

Were toilets shared in tenements?

A

Yes, between a number of families

56
Q

Was is clean in tenements?

A

No, health and safety was not put into consideration.

57
Q

What did the government do to improve tenements?

A

Added high rise flats
Refurbished the tenements
Changed factories into apartments

58
Q

What type of housing has been built in recent years in the inner city?

A

Modern, luxury apartments

59
Q

What type of people now usually live in the inner city?

A

Young professionals buy housing here for nearby CBD facilities

60
Q

When did the suburbs begin to develop?

A

The 1920s

61
Q

What type of people do the suburbs attract and why?

A

Families because:
Larger houses
Gardens
For cheaper prices
Away from high crime rate
Less traffic

62
Q

What do suburbs often have?

A

Houses
Business Parks
Retail Parks

63
Q

What allowed the suburbs to be built?

A

Improved Transport

64
Q

Give 3 example of Aberdeen suburbs

A

Countesswells
Cragiebuckler
Cove

65
Q

Are Green Spaces common in the centre of cities?

A

No

66
Q

What green space does Aberdeen have in the central area?

A

Union Terrace Gardens

67
Q

When was Union Terrace Gardens developed?

A

1889

IS/IIS Geography (3 decks)

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