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Settlement - IS Flashcards

Revision for IIS Exam

1
Q

What is a settlement?

A

A place where people live

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2
Q

Name all 5 types of settlement

A

Isolated houses and Farms
Hamlets
Villages
Towns
Cities
Mega Cities

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3
Q

Name all 6 types of settlement sites

A

Defensive sites
Wet point sites
Dry point site
Bridging point
Gap site
Route centre

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4
Q

Name the 2 possible features of a defensive site

A

On high, steep land
or
Raised land in the centre of a river bend

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5
Q

Why were defensive sites on high or raised land?

A

So that it was harder to attack and so that they could spot enemies from afar

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6
Q

Name the 1 main feature of a wet point site

A

People needed a near source of fresh water for drinking, washing, cooking and cleaning

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7
Q

Name the 1 main feature of a dry point site

A

Sits above the river on river terraces

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8
Q

Why were dry point sites on river terraces?

A

Protection from most floods

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9
Q

Name the 1 feature of a bridging point

A

The river is narrow enough to build a bridge

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10
Q

Name the 3 features of a gap site

A

Formed in flat valleys in between high land
Provided a route through the area
Trade often took place

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11
Q

Name the 3 features of a route centre

A

Routes meet at this point
Sometimes at gap sites
Trade could take place

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12
Q

What 5 things attracted settlers to specific sites?

A

Flat Land
Water
Food
Trade
Transport

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13
Q

Name 2 things the best sites for early settlement had:

A

Natural stone, wood and clay (building materials)
Undulating land (easier for building and thick soil for farming)

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14
Q

Why do people in the UK not rely on wood as a source of fuel anymore?

A

Found better ways of generating power such as
water
wind
fossil fuels

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15
Q

Why can we now build bridges over wide rivers?

A

New material and building techniques
(concrete, aluminium) (machinery)

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16
Q

Why is is not essential to live near a water source now?

A

Water is taken from rivers to reservoirs. Cleaned and treated, then pumped through pipes into our homes.

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17
Q

Why are rivers not really used for transport anymore?

A

Boats have become too large to fit through narrow rivers. It is cheaper to use 1 big boat rather than several small boats.

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18
Q

Name 7 settlement functions

A

Industrial
Market
Port
Defensive
Religious
Tourism
Commuter/Dormitory

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19
Q

What 4 things to look out for in an industrial functioned settlement:

A

Factories
Quarries
Mining areas
Landfill Sites

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20
Q

What 4 things to look out for in a market functioned settlement:

A

Centre point where routes meet
Flat, fertile land
Bridging points
Gap sites

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21
Q

What 4 things to look out for in a port functioned settlement:

A

Old ports upstream or on narrow sections of river
Modern ports on wider sections of river
Coastal ports next to the sea

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22
Q

What 3 things to look out for in a defensive functioned settlement:

A

Castles or forts
Steep, raised land
River bends/moat

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23
Q

What 3 things to look out for in a religious functioned settlement:

A

Cathedrals
Abbeys
Churches

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24
Q

Name 4 things to look out for in a tourism functioned settlement:

A

Tourist Info centres
Museums
Hotels
Caravan sites

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25
What 4 things to look out for in a commuter/dormitory functioned settlement:
Easy travelling distance of larger settlements Less pollution Low crime rate More open space
26
Name 5 of Aberdeen's functions
Education Entertainment Transport Religious Commercial
27
Is Elgin a tourist resort?
A minor one. It has: Museums Castles Walking Trails Sports Centre Visitor Centre
28
What would farms have provided for towns and villages in the past?
Produce (eg. vegetables, milk, meat and fruit) Source of money when sold in market
29
Give an example of a village
Kincardine O Neill
30
Give an example of a town
Stonehaven
31
Give an example of a city
Aberdeen
32
Give an example of a megacity
Tokyo
33
What does CBD stand for?
Central Business District
34
Where is the CBD usually located?
The centre of a city where routes meet
35
Name the 2 main land uses in the CBD
Business/Offices Shops
36
Give 3 characteristics of the CBD
Busy - High building density High land prices Central point of a city
37
Why is there no/little housing in the CBD?
High land values = high rent
38
What type of shops make up the majority of shops in the CBD?
High Order Shops
39
Name 1 High Order Shop
Primark
40
Name one High order entertainment or public building
His Majesty's Theater
41
What type of shops are considered high order?
Jewellers Mobile phone shops Large chain stores Speciality stores
42
What type of services are considered high order?
Museums Cinemas Theatres Courts Central Libraries
43
Where else can you find high order shops and services?
In retail parks Hospitals can be found further out in the city
44
What type of shops and services are considered middle order?
Small supermarkets Hairdressers Banks
45
Give an example of a middle order shop or service
Bank of Scotland Branch
46
What type of shops and services are considered low order?
Newsagents Convenience Stores
47
Give an example of a low order shop or service
Spar
48
What part of the city was built during the industrial revolution?
The Inner City 1760-1840
49
Why were streets built in a grid iron pattern?
There was little transport and a need for space
50
What problems do we face now with narrow streets?
Less car parking Less space to pass through for buses and cars
51
Give 3 characteristics of the Inner City
Old tenement houses Convenience Stores Old or abandoned factory buildings
52
What was the air like in the inner city?
Low air quality and lots of pollution
53
Did tenement houses have electricity and water?
No
54
What kind of people lived in the inner city back in the day?
Factory workers and their families
55
Were toilets shared in tenements?
Yes, between a number of families
56
Was is clean in tenements?
No, health and safety was not put into consideration.
57
What did the government do to improve tenements?
Added high rise flats Refurbished the tenements Changed factories into apartments
58
What type of housing has been built in recent years in the inner city?
Modern, luxury apartments
59
What type of people now usually live in the inner city?
Young professionals buy housing here for nearby CBD facilities
60
When did the suburbs begin to develop?
The 1920s
61
What type of people do the suburbs attract and why?
Families because: Larger houses Gardens For cheaper prices Away from high crime rate Less traffic
62
What do suburbs often have?
Houses Business Parks Retail Parks
63
What allowed the suburbs to be built?
Improved Transport
64
Give 3 example of Aberdeen suburbs
Countesswells Cragiebuckler Cove
65
Are Green Spaces common in the centre of cities?
No
66
What green space does Aberdeen have in the central area?
Union Terrace Gardens
67
When was Union Terrace Gardens developed?
1889

IS/IIS Geography (3 decks)

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