Settlement Flashcards
What is a settlement
Example
Where someone lives
Isolated settlement, conurbation
What is a site
The area a settlement was built on
What are common settlement sites decided by (6)
Wet point site, fresh water 💦
Defensive site, hill, inside of meander, to defend against neighbouring towns
Bridging site, to cross river, to protect
Roads
Flat land for farming
Forestry
What is settlement location
Where the settlement is compared to the things around it
Eg. A settlement may be in the middle of a large plain x km away from neighbouring villages
What is settlement hierarchy
What happens as you go up the hierarchy
(From smallest): hamlet, village, town, city 🌃
Population increases, amount decreases
What is… order goods and services
Low
Middle
High
The purchasing of goods and services on a regular basis eg. 🍼 🍞
The purchasing of goods and services on a fortnightly/ monthly basis eg. Cinema or clothes
The purchasing of goods and services very rarely eg. holidays
What would we find in a city (5)
Cathedrals Bus and train 🚂 stations Airport Hospital Department stores and other shopping Museums etc.
What would you find in a hamlet (3)
Post box 📦
Phone box
Bus 🚌 stop
What does range of a product or service mean
What is the range for…
High order goods
Low order goods
The maximum distance someone is willing to travel to use this good or service
Big
Small
What is the threshold of a product or service
The amount of customers needed to make an entreprise successful
What is the sphere of influence
When a settlement attracts people around an area to use its goods and services
What is a function of a settlement
Examples
Refers to what the settlement does
Port, fishing, tourist,
What effects the sphere of influence
The function
Accessibility, of easier to get then may broaden sphere of influence
Competition, if there is a town and a city people would rather go to the city because it has more variety and high order goods
What are characteristics of the CBD
Old buildings eg town hall, museums, Churches, Cathedrals
Shops, offices
Not a lot of space, high demanded space= skyscrapers
Most accessible part of the city because all transport leads there
What are the characteristics of the inner city (7)
No front garden Terrace housing Usually where the poor live and crime rate is high High populated density Sometimes student housing Straight roads and streets Dereliction May have some hints of gentrification
What are the characteristics of the suburbs (6)
Cul-de-sacs
Front and back gardens
Low population density
Detached single family homes 🏡
Some may have light manufacturing businesses
Residential homes on outside of settlement
What are the characteristics of the industrial zones (3)
Usually in the inner city as the city 🌃 has grown up around it
Usually old building with residential houses near it where employees used to work
Easy to transport eg. railways and canals
What are the characteristics of the rural-urban fringe (6)
When it is not totally urbanised and not totally rural
On very outskirts of city
Usually recycling and park and ride facilities
Hospitals
Airports
Largely countryside
What is urban sprawl
When the city or town spreads into the surrounding countryside.
Replacing fields with car parks, buildings and other services which endangers wildlife and prevent water soaking into the soil with can lead to floods
Large cities have problems with transport as people live on outskirts need to reach the CBD to work
What is urbanisation
The increase proportion of people living in towns and cities
What is counter urbanisation
Where is it most common to happen
The movement of people from cities into the countryside
MEDCs
What are some push factor which may lead to urbanisation (4)
Natural disasters eg. drought, flash floods etc.
Lack of government investment in rural areas for roads etc.
Crop failure
Poor life and work quality
Why may people be pulled towards a city causing urbanisation (5)
Hospitals Education Better standards of living Electricity and water Better job pay 💰 More jobs available
Why might natural increase have an effect on urbanisation
As birth rates remain high in countryside this puts pressure on land resulting in people just moving into the cities
Cities usually have young populations what does this suggest
High br = natural increase
Need of more services eg. transport, hospitals, schools etc.
