Set Number 2 Flashcards
What makes up nonspecific defnse
First line of defense
Second line of defense
Three types of second line of defense?
Inflammatory response
Phagocytes (like macrophages)
Interferons
enlargement blood vessels
vasodilation
what responsible for common cold symptoms
Histamine
What makes up specific defense
third line of defense
What does third line of defense consist of
lymphocytes
what is adenoid
lymphatic tissue
Humoral response
B
Cell mediated response
T
What happens once antigen binds to specific B/T lymphocyte
clonal selection – proliferates, differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells
Primary immune response
When plasma cells neutralize antigens immediately
capacity of immune system to generate secondary immune response
immunological memory
Secondary immune response
Memory cells
antibodies are borrowed, do not live long
passive immunity
you make antibodies yourself; permanent
active immunity
See is donor blood will work
cross-match
O has no
antigens
AB has no
antibodies
What does HIV attack
helper t cells
Can memory cells fully develop with antibiotics
no
Can antibiotics cure a disease
yes
what do vaccines prevent
viral infections
can you cure a viral infeection
no
multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile diabetes examples of
autoimmune diseases
immune system attacks myelin sheath surrounding neurons
multiple sclerosis
Phagocytes are a type of ____
white blood cell
what does clonal selection make
plasma cells and memory cells
stomach acid is part of
first line of defense
Is liver part of lymphatic system
no
What attacks and kills infected body cells
T lymphocytes
Getting a vaccine leads to ___ immunity
active
Can antibiotics prevent diseases
no
study of behavior and its relationship to evolutionary origins
ethology
what do sign stimuli initiate
FAP
what are releasers
sign stimuli between members same species
3 overarching categories of behavior?
FAP, learning, social
Hydra shrinking in dish and then not
habituation
Types of learning
habituation, associative learning, imprinting
Types of associative learning
Classical conditional and operant conditioning
when does imprinting disappear
at end of juvenile period
Cooperation, agonistic, dominance hierarchies, territorialità, altruism all examples of
social behavior
any kind of interactions between two or more animals
social behavior
Example of dominance hierarchies?
Pecking orders/alpha male
example territoriality?
one animal one piece of land
how is territoriality upheld
agonistic behavior
Altruism?
Reduce individual fitness to increase group fitness
egg develops without being fertilized, haploid adulgs
parthenogenesis
Examples of asexual reproductions
fission, budding, fragmentation, parthenogensis
Why is scrotum ideal location
cooler temperatures
