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NCLEX-RN > Set 2 > Flashcards

Set 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

PSA (prostatic surface antigen)

A

Blood levels increase as the prostate gland enlarges

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2
Q

Hodgkins disease effect on male sterility

A

Decreases sperm count and motility before any therapy

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3
Q

Radiation therapy effect on male sterility

A

Often results in permanent sterility

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4
Q

Fine crackles

A

Short, high pitched sounds heard just before the end of inspiration

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5
Q

Wheezing

A

Continuous high pitched squeaking or musical sound. First evident on expiration

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6
Q

Pleural friction rub

A

creaking or grating sound heard during inspiration, expiration and no change with coughing

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7
Q

Febrile blood transfusion reaction

A

sudden fever, chills, headache, muscle pain and flushing

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8
Q

Allergic reaction to blood transfusion

A

Flushing, itching, uticaria (hives or rash)

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9
Q

Anaphylactic reaction

A

exaggerated allergic response that progresses to shock and cardiac arrest

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10
Q

Acute hemolytic reaction

A

Fever and chills but is hallmarked by presence of low back pain, tachycardia, tachypnea, vascular collapse, hemoglobinuria, dark urine, acute renal failure, shock, cardiac arrest, and even death

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11
Q

Normal QRS interval

A

0.04-0.12

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12
Q

Normal T wave interval

A

0.16

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13
Q

PR interval

A

0.12-0.2

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14
Q

QT interval

A

0.31-0.38

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15
Q

Best time for a self breast exam

A

5-7 days after mensus ceases

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16
Q

Preventing yeast infection in women

A

Avoid tight fitting clothing and avoid bubble baths and bath salts
Wear loose and absorbant clothing such as cotton underwear

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17
Q

Ptosis

A

Eyelid droop

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18
Q

Nystagmus

A

Rapid, rhythmic movements of both eyes

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19
Q

Astigmatism

A

Distortion of the eye lens resulting in distorted or blurred vision

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20
Q

Exopthalamus

A

Protrusion of the eyeballs in hyperthyroidism

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21
Q

Coarctation of the Aorta

A

Congenital defect
Narrowing of the aorta
Blood pressure readings are typically higher in the arms than the legs

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22
Q

Free radicals

A

Caused by enzyme release from lysosomes

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23
Q

Prolactin secretes from which hormone

A

Ant. Pit which is regulated by the hypothalamus

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24
Q

A1c levels

A

Normal: Below 5.7%
Prediabetes: 5.7-6.4%
Diabetes: >6.5%

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25
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

The only lung cancer not related to smoking

Usually related to TB and COPD

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26
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

Skin cancer related to exposure to sunlight

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27
Q

Oat-cell carcinoma and Squamous cell carcinoma

A

Lung cancer caused by smoking

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28
Q

Normal platelet

A

250,000-400,000

29
Q

SIADH

A

RETAIN fluid!
Symptoms: Loss of thirst, weight gain
Caused by: Cancer, small lung cancer the most common
Increased ADH levels causes SIADH.

30
Q

EArly manifestation of shock

A

Hyperpnea (Deep breathing)

31
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Cramping, numbness, pain on exertion… usually in the calf muscles
Symptom of arterial insufficiency

32
Q

Pulmonary artery catheter

A

Measures central pressures for monitoring fluid replacement

33
Q

Decorticate posturing

A

Stiff with bent arms, clenched fist with legs held straight out
Caused by dysfunction in Cerebral cortex

34
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Men 14-17

Women 12-15

35
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Usually occurs in sigmoid colon. The inflammation of diverticula usually cause fever

36
Q

Gram negative organisms

A

More resistent to ABX therapy

37
Q

Therapeutic digoxin levels

A

0.8-2.0

38
Q

Peak and trough levels

A

30 min before and 30 min after administration

39
Q

Beta blockers

A

Decrease heart rate and contractility of the heart

40
Q

Buerger’s Disease

A

Causes blood vessels to swell especially in the arms and legs. Can prevent blood flow and cause clots
Smoking is linked to the development of Buerger’s disease
Smoking cessation is the best way to control symptoms

41
Q

Primary hyperaldosteronism

A

Causes hypokalemia

42
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Characterized by sudden, stabbing, severe pain over lips and chin (Trigeminal nerve)

43
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Characterized by facial weakness and paralysis

44
Q

Leg amputation

A

Do not place amputated leg on pillow to prevent causing flexion contraction of the hip.
Place tourniquet in plain site by bed in case of bleeding
Encourage to lie in prone position to prevent flexion contraction of the hip

45
Q

ECG and surgery

A

Pt over 40 should have a ECG within the past two weeks before undergoing surgery

46
Q

Pt saying 99 with stethoscope on back findings

A

Normal: Muffled sound
Abnormal: Clear sound and indicates there is some sort of consolidation process such as pneumonia

47
Q

Older adult lab findings

A

Increased protein in the urine and slightly increased glucose levels. Decreased specific gravity by age 80

48
Q

Digitalis and Digitalis toxicity

A

Med used to treat CHF and heart rhythm problems
Elderly persons are susceptible to digitalis toxicity… manifests as anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, fatigue

49
Q

Chronic bronchitis characteristics

A

Productive cough with grayish white sputum

50
Q

Emphysema characteristics

A

Clubbing of fingers and Increased chest diameter
Increased total lung capacity
Copious amounts of thick white sputum

51
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Pain is relieved by rest and elevation of the extremity

Pain is aggravated by placing extremity in dependent position such as standing on leg

52
Q

Pneumovax

A

This immunization is given once to persons over 65 and is good for their life

53
Q

Exacerbations of MS symptoms

A

They usually occur because of increased fatigue and stress. Schedule extra rest periods

54
Q

Oral contraceptives side effect

A

Thrombophlebitis indicated by calf pain. If experienced get medical help!

55
Q

Hirschsprung disease in infants

A

Occurs when large intestine is born missing nerve cells.
Requires surgery to repair and often requires a colostomy
Manifestations:
- Distended abdomen
- Unable to pass stool for 24-48 hours
- Difficulty feeding and vomit green vile
- Fever

56
Q

GTPAL - what does each mean?

A

Gravida - number of times pregnant regardless of outcome
Term - number of pregnancies delivered at 37 wks and beyond
Preterm - number of pregnancies delivered at 20 wks to 36 wks 6 days
Abortion - spontaneous or induced ending before 20 wks
Living - number of currently living children

57
Q

Normal RBC’s

A

5.0-6.25

58
Q

Delirium tremens

A

Rapid onset of confusion caused by alcohol withdrawal
Symptoms:
Confusion, agitation, fever, tachycardia, HTN, diaphoresis, hallucinations

59
Q

Pinworm vs Hookworms vs ringworm

A

Pinworms: Lay eggs in the butt. Common symptoms are anal itching and trouble sleeping. Caused by swallowing or inhaling microscopic pinworm eggs
Hookworms: Infect the intestines and cause bleeding and anemia
Ringworm: Skin infection caused by a fungus. Leads to red scaly blistered rings on skin or scalp.

60
Q

Mongolian spots

A

Benign discoloration of skin seen in newborns of ethnicities with darker skin tones. Usually blueish gray and fade over first 1-2 years of life

61
Q

BNP (brain natriuretic peptide)

A

BNP increases when the pressure in the ventricles are increased… like with heart failure! BNP levels are used to determine if dyspnea is due to heart failure or a noncardiac cause

62
Q

Antidepressnt administration

A

MAOI’s cannot be combined with SSRI’s

Increases risk of serotonin syndrome

63
Q

Serotonin Syndrome

A 
Agitation
Diaphoresis
Tachycardia
HTN
Diarrhea
Hyperreflexia
64
Q

Lithium toxicity

A

Very narrow therapeutic index
Lithium toxicity usually occurs with:
-Dehydration
-Low sodium
-Decreased renal function (elderly clients)
-Drug-Drug interactions with NSAIDS and thiazide diuretics

65
Q

Phenytoin therapeutic range

A

10-20 mcg/mL

Phenytoin is prescribed for seizures

66
Q

Isotonic fluid

A

Shifts fluid into the cells

67
Q

Osteomalacia

A

Vitamin D deficiency
Characterized by weak, soft, painful bones that can easily fracture

Nursing cares:

  • Prevent falls
  • Encourage activity
  • Increase Intake of phosphorus, calcium, Vit D and sunlight
68
Q

Priority intervention for sickle cell anemia

A

IV fluid administration

NCLEX-RN (6 decks)

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