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NCLEX-RN > Cardiovascular - Uworld > Flashcards

Cardiovascular - Uworld Flashcards

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1
Q

Nitroprusside

A

Vasodilator
Used in hypertensive emergencies
Can begin to act within 1 minute and can produce a sudden drop in BP, so you must monitor BP very closely.

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2
Q

PAD

A

Arteries of extremities become atherosclerotic

Reduces tissue perfusion and causes ischemic pain in lower extremities with movement and exercise

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3
Q

What causes increased risk for PAD

A

HTN
Diabetes
Hyperlipidemia
Smoking

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4
Q

Normal PTT and PT levels

A

PTT = heparin
25-35 seconds

PT 11-16 sec

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5
Q

Normal platelet and hematocrit levels

A

PLT 150,000-400,000

Hematocrit
Female: 35-47%
Male: 41-50%

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6
Q

Infective endocarditis

A

Bacteria or infection that attaches to your heart.

Can cause life threatening complications such as stroke or Ischemia to the extremities

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7
Q

Ischemia

A

Inadequate blood supply to to an organ or part of the body

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8
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

S/S

A 
Compression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac surrounding the heart
S/S include
-Hypotension
-Jugular Vein distention
-Distant heart tones
-Dyspnea, Tachypnea
-Tachycardia
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9
Q

Pacemaker teaching

A

No MRI
Notify airport security when traveling
Do not place cell phones directly over
Carry a pacemaker identification card with you and wear medical bracelet
Take pulse daily
Do not raise arm above shoulder on pacemaker side until HCP says its okay to avoid dislodging
(Using microwaves is okay!)

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10
Q

Home management of PAD

A

Lower extremities when laying down or sitting. Promotes arterial blood flow
Engage in moderate exercise
Perform daily skin care such as lotion to prevent breakdown
Maintain mild warmth (socks and blankets, no heating pad)
Stop smoking
Avoid tight clothing and stress
Take prescribed medications

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11
Q

How to find MAP

A

(Systolic + (Diastolic x2))/ 3
Normal MAP is between 70-105
Map <60 indicates that vital organs are underperfused and can become ischemic

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12
Q

assessing Jugular vein distention

A

HOB 45 degree angle

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13
Q

What increases cervical cancer risk

A

Multiple sex partners
Previous STI’s
Smoking
HPV «< The must important risk factor

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14
Q

Diabetic Ketoacidosis and potassium

A

Insulin pushes potassium into the cell and out of the blood stream, so if someone is in ketoacidosis and receiving IV insulin, potassium will be given even if potassium levels are normal

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15
Q

Refeeding syndrome

A

When a malnourished client starts getting adequate nutrition, the body begins making more insulin and which causes electrolyte deficiencies
Rapid declines in phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium
PPN

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16
Q

Normal phosphorus levels

Normal magnesium levels

A

P: 2.4-4.4
M: 1.5-2.5

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17
Q

Estrogen therapy risk

A

Increased risk for blood clots (DVT)

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18
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis vs osteoarthritis vs gout vs ankylosing spondylitis

A

RA - Symmetrical pain and swelling usually affecting small joints of hands and feet (not spine! Just cervical spine). Morning joint stiffness lasting from 60 min to several hours
Osteoarthritis - Asymmetrical pain in weight bearing joints. Crepitus, especially in knee joints
ankylosing spondylitis - Low back pain and stiffness, worse in the morning and gets better
Gout - pain, swelling and redness of one or more extremity joints (typically the great toe)

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19
Q

Endovascular

A

“Inside the blood vessel”

Surgery where they cut small incisions to access the blood vessel with a catheter

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20
Q

Babinski sign

A

Normal is that the toes point downward

Indicates upper motor neuron lesion from damage to corticospinal tract

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21
Q

Kidney inflammation (Pyelonephritis) expected finding

A

costovertebral angle tenderness

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22
Q

Examination for skin cancer

A

ABCDE
A- Asymmetrical
B- Border irregularity
C- Color changes and variation
D- Diameter of 6mm or larger (pencil eraser)
E- Evolving (changing in shape, size, color)

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23
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A 
OKAY to dangle feet over bed to relieve pain
Characterized by:
-hair loss
-ulcers 
-gangrene
-cool dry, shiny, skin
-Intermittent claudication
-decreased blood flow from atherosclerotic build up
-Thick, brittle nails
-Decreased wound healing
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24
Q

Ileal conduit

A

Take piece of ileum to make a stoma, used as a urinary diversion. Ureters are connected to create an external opening.

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25
Q

Underlying medical conditions that could lead to delirium

A 
Medications (opioids, analgesics)
Electrolyte embalances
Hypoxia
Acute infections (fever, positive cultures)
Sleep deprivation
Dehydration or Malnutrition
Metabolic Disorders (hypoglycemia)
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26
Q

Two types of UTI’s

A

Cystitis (Lower UTI, bladder)

Pyelonephritis (Upper UTI, kidneys)

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27
Q

Cystitis

A 
Lower UTI
Characterized by
-Inflammation of the bladder mucosa
-burning
-frequency
-urgency
-hematuria
-suprapubic discomfort
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28
Q

Pyelonephritis

A 
Upper UTI 
They become very ill
Characterized by
-nausea and vomiting
-fever with chills
-flank pain
-Costovertebral angle tenderness
-Septic if not treated
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29
Q

Carpal tunnel syndrome

A

Pain and paresthesia of the hand caused by median nerve compression
Can manage symptoms with wrist immobilization by wearing a splint

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30
Q

Genital herpes

A
  • Avoid sexual contact with active lesions…. Barrier contraception is not sufficient with active lesions
  • Keep the area clean and dry
  • Maintain proper hand hygiene and avoid touching the lesions
  • Use mild soap to clean… no perfumed soap or bubble baths
  • Use sitz bath and oatmeal baths to provide comfort and relief from itching
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31
Q

Anaphylactic shock

A

Also need to administer steroid such as methylprednisolone

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32
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart caused by fluid collecting in the sac around the heart
Possible complication of acute pericarditis
LIFE THREATENING
Characterized by:
-Hypotension
-Muffled heart sounds
-Neck vein distention

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33
Q

Foods rich in iron

A

Eggs, meat, shellfish, green leafy vegetables, dried fruit, broccoli, dried beans, brown rice, oatmeal

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34
Q

Romberg test

A

Neurological exam
Pt stands with feet together. Asked to close eyes, ability to maintain balance is assessed.
If positive romberg test, pt will need assistance with ambulating

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35
Q

MRSA risk factors

A 
Older adult
Suppressed immunity
Long history of ABX use
Invasive tubes and lines
Pt in ICU
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36
Q

Preferred IM administration site for children <7 mo

A

Vastus lateralis

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37
Q

Clozapine

A

Antipsychotic to treat schizophrenia
Associated with a risk of agranulocytosis (dangerously low WBC count)
-Must have periodic CBC while taking
-notify provider of fever or sore throat

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38
Q

Enteric Coated drugs

A

Barrier coating that dissolves at a slower rate

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39
Q

Mono

A

Viral infection… no ABX

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40
Q

Fentanyl patches

A

Prescribed for moderate to severe CHRONIC pain

41
Q

Rash and ABX

A

A rash is an adverse affect of ABX use and can be a sign of an allergic reaction! NOT a normal side effect

42
Q

Ace inhibitors
Side effects
Adverse effects

A

-Prils

Adverse effect: Angioedema (rapid swelling of tongue and lips)

43
Q

Intradermal injection angle

A

5-15 degrees

44
Q

Rhabdomyolysis

A

Occurs when muscle fibers are released into the bloodstream
Common symptoms: Oliguria (small amounts of urine), Dark urine, and fatigue
Kidney function is at risk… administer fluids!

45
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inability to clot.
Children with hemophilia, you can give vaccines subcutaneously. Holy pressure for at least 5 minutes and use an ice pack after to promote vasoconstriction to decrease blood flow to the area and reduce the risk for a hematoma.
Frequent sites of bleeding are in the joints

46
Q

Hypospadias

A

Urethral opening is on the underside of the penis

47
Q

Bacterial Meningitis

A 
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal chord
Clinical manifestations in children <2
-seizures
-high pitched cry
-nuchal rigidity
48
Q

Emergency care following a burn

A

Briefly soak burn in cool water
Cover area with a clean, dry cloth
Remove clothing if not stuck to burn around the burn
DO NOT apply ABX ointment

49
Q

Celiac diet

A

Rice, corn and potatoes are gluten free.

50
Q

Newborn breathing

A

Newborns RR is 30-60/min with periodic pauses lasting <20 seconds.

51
Q

30 month old physical findings

A

Chest circumference larger than abdomen
Weight is 4x greater than birth weight
Head circumference increases by 1 inch in second year, 0.5 inches per year after than until age 5

52
Q

What age do children obtain bladder and bowel sphincter control

A

24 months

53
Q

Pregnancy weight gain

A

1-4.5 lb weight gain in first trimester is normal

1 pound per week after that is normal

54
Q

Pregnancy precautions

A

Toxoplasmosis can be transferred to the fetus

This infection comes from cat feces, soiled fruits and vegetables (gardening), undercooked meats

55
Q

Leukorrhea

A

Normal pregnancy finding… white, milky and thin vaginal discharge

56
Q

After a miscarriage

A

Avoid sex or tampons for 2 weeks
Call provider for foul smelling and heavily bloody vaginal discharge or for severe pain
Avoid soaking in a tub
Take prenatal vitamins with iron

57
Q

Rhogam shot

A

Given to all mothers who are Rh negative

58
Q

Spina Bifida

A 
Neural tube defect
Manifestations:
-Tuft of hair at base of spine
-Hemangioma or nevus (birth mark... raised red spot)
-Dimple along base of spine
59
Q

NSAIDS during pregnancy

A

Do not use during 3rd trimester! Pregnancy category C

60
Q

Magnesium toxicity

A

Magnesium is given for seizure prophylaxis for pregnant ladies with preeclampsia
S/S
- Absent or decreased deep tendon reflexes
- Respiratory depression

61
Q

Magnesium toxicity treatment

A

IV calcium gluconate

Stop magnesium

62
Q

Magic fever number

A

100.4

63
Q

Pediculosis Capitis

A

Head Lice

64
Q

Signs of down syndrome at birth

A 
Single transverse crease extending across palm of hand
Small, low set ears
Flat nose bridge
Protruding tongue
Hypotonia
Atrioventricular (AV) canal defect
65
Q

Glucose levels of babe after birth

A

Decrease 1 hr after birth… >40 is considered normal
They rise and stabilize after 2-3 hours
Hypoglycemic neonate (<40) should be fed immediately

66
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A

No ventricular septum in the heart. Birth defect
Mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood resulting in hypercyanotic episodes.
Episodes occur upon waking, crying, eating, hunger, or other stressful environments or situations.

67
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

First day of last menstrual cycle
Subtract 3 months
Add 7 days

68
Q

Common sign for lupus

A

Butterfly rash across cheeks and bridge of nose

69
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Hardening of the pyloric sphincter

Manifested by projectile vomiting, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

70
Q

Esophageal Atresia

A

Esophagus has a gap and is not fully connected

71
Q

Heart sounds in children

A

S3 heart sound normal in children

72
Q

Assisting blind client to ambulate

A

Sighted guide technique:

  • Walk slightly ahead of pt
  • Allow pt to hold on to your elbow
73
Q

Safe oxygen use

A

DO NOT use vaseline (petroleum jelly) if nose is dry, it is flammable
Keep oxygen cannisters 5-10 feet from gas stoves, candles, fire places, or other sources of open flames
Do not polish nails when using
Do not use wool blankets

74
Q

Dysarthria

A

Worsening ability to speak

75
Q

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

A 
Progressive loss of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal chord
Characterized by:
-Spasticity
-Muscle weakness
-Atrophy
-Impaired swallowing 
-Impaired respiratory function
76
Q

Oropharangeal airway

A

Do not tape to pt cheek. Could cause aspiration or choking

77
Q

“ac” and “pc”

A 
"ac" = before meals
"pc" = after meals
78
Q

polycythemia

A

High red blood cells

79
Q

Pleural effusion

A

Fluid build up between the lungs and the pleural walls.

80
Q

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing while lying down

81
Q

Common side effects of corticosteroids

A

Mood swings and irritability

82
Q

Assessing Jugular vein distention

A

Semi-fowler’s position

83
Q

Lower limb amputation teaching

A

Pt should lie prone several times a day

Pt should not sit in chair for >1 hr at a time

84
Q

Eosinophils

A

ALLERGY! A high eosinophil count would indicate an allergic trigger for asthmatic response

85
Q

Frontal lobe
Occipital lobe
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe

A

Frontal lobe: Behavior
Occipital lobe: Vision
Temporal lobe: Auditory
Parietal lobe: Sensory

86
Q

Vaginal examination during ruptured membrane

A

Use STERILE gloves

87
Q

Risk factors for post partum hemorrhage

A

Multiple gestations

Big baby >8 lb 13 oz

88
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia

A

HR of 150-220

Initial intervention is to ask them to bear down (perform vagal maneuvers)

89
Q

Psychomotor retardation

A 
Clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder
Manifestations:
-Slowed Speech
-Lack of facial expression
-Decreased movement
-Reduced social interaction
-Downcast gaze
90
Q

Psychomotor agitation

A 
Pt with major depressive disorder may show signs of psychomotor agitation
Manifestations:
-Increased body movement
-Pacing
-Hand wringing
-Muscle tension
-Erratic eye movement
91
Q

Hypothermia after surgery

Muscle stiffness after surgery

A

Common in immediate post op period due to anesthesia effects

Muscle stiffness is a bad sign and indicative of malignant hyperthermia

92
Q

Aspirin toxicity or overdose interventions

A

Activated charcoal

93
Q

Histoplasmosis

A

Fungal infection from bat or bird droppings
Most common in clients with compromised immunity
Respiratory infection

94
Q

Normal platelet count

A

150,000-400,000

95
Q

Hematocrit levels

A

Female 35%-47%

Male 38-48

96
Q

Moro reflex

A

Startle reflex in newborns

97
Q

Children under 12 and honey

A

BAD. Children under 12 should not have honey due to risk of botulism

98
Q

Risk factors for endometrial cancer

A

Obesity
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Infertility

NCLEX-RN (6 decks)

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