Set 2

Question 1

What is subacromial bursitis?

Answer 1

-inflammation of the subacromial bursa
-often due to calcific supraspinatus tendinitis,
causing a painful arc of of abduction

Question 2

What is Medial Epicondylitis

Answer 2

-inflammation of the common flexor tendon of the wrist
where it originates on the medial epicondyle of the humerus
-golfers elbow

Question 3

What is Lateral epicondylitis?

Answer 3

-strain attachment of common extensor tendon and inflammation of periosteum of lateral epicondyle
-results from repeated forceful flexion and extension of the wrist
-Pain felt over lateral epicondyle and radiates down
posterior aspect of forearm
-Pain often felt when opening a door or lifting a glass

Question 4

How can blockage of the Subclavian or Axillary artery be bypassed?

Answer 4

-arterial anastamoses around scapula
-anastomoses between branches of the Thyrocervical and
Subscapular arteries:

• Transverse cervical artery
• Suprascapular artery
• Subscapular artery
• Circumflex scapular artery

Question 5

What are the contents of the cubital fossa from lateral to medial?

Answer 5

1. Biceps brachii tendon
2. Brachial artery
3. Median nerve

Question 6

What is the cause of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 6

-Results from a lesion that reduces the size of the carpal
tunnel
-Dislocation of LUNATE BONE!

Question 7

What is the most sensitive/effected structure in the carpal tunnel?

Answer 7

Median Nerve

Question 8

What are the clinical manifestations of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

Answer 8

-Pins and needles or anesthesia
of the lateral 3.5 digits
-palm sensation is not affected
because superficial palmar
cutaneous branch passes
superficially to carpal tunnel
-Apehand deformity - absent
of OPPOSITION

Question 9

What is Erb-Duchenne palsy/Upper Brachial Palsy?

Answer 9

• paralysis of the muscles of upper extremity supplied by C5 and C6 spinal nerves (roots)
• lesions of axillary, suprascapular and musculocutaneous nerves with loss of the shoulder mm and anterior arm
• Patients have Waiter’s Tip:
  1) adducted shoulder
  2) medially rotated arm
  3) extended elbow

Question 10

What is Klumpke’s Paralysis/Lower Brachial Palsy?

Answer 10

-Injury of lower roots and trunk
-upper limb is suddenly pulled superiorly: stretching or
tearing of the inferior parts of the brachial plexus (C8
and T1 roots or inferior trunk
-grabbing support during fall from height or
as a birth injury, or TOS – thoracic outlet syndrome

Question 11

Which muscles are effected in Klumpke’s Paralysis?

Answer 11

• All intrinsic muscles of the hand supplied by the C8 and T1 roots of the lower trunk affected

Question 12

What lesions are included in Klumpke’s Paralysis?

Answer 12

• Combination lesions of ulnar nerve (“claw hand”) and median nerve (“ape hand”)
• Loss of sensation in the medial aspect of the upper limb and medial 1,5 fingers.

Question 13

What does the Ankle Jerk Reflex Test?

Answer 13

spinal nerves S1-S2

Question 14

What usually is the cause of musculocutaneous nerve injury?

Answer 14

lesions of lateral cord

Question 15

What are the symptoms of musculocutaneous nerve injury?

Answer 15

• weakened flexion of elbow (biceps and brachialis
  muscles) and supination of forearm (biceps muscle)
  -May be accompanied by anesthesia over lateral
  aspect of forearm