Set 2 Flashcards
(102 cards)
What do you see on X-ray in multiple myeloma?
Lytic bone lesions
Perianal fistula – Ulcerative Colitis OR Crohn’s?
Crohns
Involves rectum – Ulcerative Colitis OR Crohn’s?
Ulcerative Colitis
How often is tetanus-diphtheria toxoid booster recommended?
At 10 year intervals
OR after 5 years in the even of a trauma
What is the treatment of hypercalcemia depending on the calcium level.
If < 14 and asymptomatic then no immediate treatment required
If > 14 or symptomatic then 2 treatments – short-term and long-term. Short-term = Saline, Calcinonin. Long-term = bisphosphonates (zoledronic acid)
Symptoms of infective endocarditis
Mn* FROM JANE
Fever
Roth Spots = white spots on retina due to hemorrhage
Osler Nodes = immune complex deposition on fingers/toes
Murmur
Janeway Lesions = hemorrhage on palms/soles
Anemia
Nail-bed hemorrhage
Emboli
Name 2 nonspecific symptoms of infective endocarditis.
Fever
Arthralgia
Name 2 cardiac symptoms of infective endocarditis
Dyspnea
Cough
Edema
Name 2 lab findings in infective endocarditis
Rheumatoid Factor
High ESR
Name 2 immunologic findings in infective endocarditis
Osler nodes = immune complex deposition on finger/toes
Glomerulonephritis = due to immune complex deposition, causing hematuria, proteinuria
Primary dysmenorrhea cause
Excessive endometrial prostaglandin release
Irregular menses in adolescents cause
Immature hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis
High HgB, WBCs and PLTs. What is the diagnosis? Treatment?
Dx = Polycythemia vera Tx = Phlebotomy,
Why are patients with Crohn’s at increased risk for nephrolithiasis - mechanism?
Crohn’s -> Fat Malabsorption -> Calcium binds to fat instead of oxalate -> More free oxalate is absorbed into the bloodstream -> hyperoxaluria and oxalate stone formation
In pregnancy what happens to T3, T4, TSH? Mechanism?
T3 up
T4 up/same
TSH down
Mechanism:
Beta-HCG -> acts like TSH, b/c it has a similar structure, thus beta-HCG stimulates T3 and T4 production
Estrogen -> stimulates synthesis Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), which binds T3/T4, which decreases the pool of free T3/T4, and patient compensates by producing more T3/T4
Pt experiences bone pain and unilateral hearing loss. Dx? Mechanism of disease?
Dx = Paget disease of bone Mechanism = 1st osteoclast dysfunction; Later mixed ostoclast/osteoblast dysfunction
What are the cranial symptoms of Paget disease of bone?
Enlarging cranial bones can cause increased head size, headaches, hearing loss.
Eczematous patches over nipple and areolar skin. Dx? What type of cancer is this?
Paget Disease of Breast
Cancer type = adenocarcinoma
Indications for AAA repair
> 5.5 cm
or expansion rate of 1 cm per year
Highest risk factor for AAA expansion
smoking
Define Negative and Positive Predictive Value
Negative Predictive Value = The probability of being free of disease if the test result is negative
Positive Predictive Value = The probability of having the disease if test result is positive
Noncaseating granulomas. Crohn’s or Ulcerative Colitis?
Crohn’s
Virus that causes nasopharyngeal cancer
Epstein-Barr
A rash in a child or adolescent that goes along line of tension on the back. Dx?
Pityriasis rosea