SET 2 Flashcards by Dwaine Villalobos

Glucagon is a secretion of what cells of the Isles of Langerhans?

alpha cells

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Stage of mitosis where cytokinesis take place

telophase

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Extension of the cervical loop apically from the presumed cervix of the tooth

Sheath of Hertwig

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Principal antibody found int he body secretions such as mucus, saliva, milk, tears, and secretion of the genitourinary and digestive tract

IgA

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Muscle where the parotid duct traverse to open into the oral vestibule

buccinator

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Produced by basophils and mast cells, normally absent in the blood, and prevents blood coagulation

heparin

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Hormones involved in the regulation of calcium ion concentration in the body

cortisol

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First form structure in a developing tooth that can be found in the formed tooth

dentinoenamel junction

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To what structure could an infection in the maxillofacial area spread through the venous route and result to fatal consequence?

cavernous sinus

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Muscle that do not receive their motor nerve innervation from the trigeminal nerve

buccinator

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Interdental papilla that connects the buccal and lingual peaks below the contact area

Col

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Organelle in the cytoplasm if a secretory cell is responsible for processing and packaging of synthesized macromolecular of transport to the outside

golgi complex

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Essential functions of muscle (3)

replicability
movement
posture

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Possible mechanism for tooth eruption

pulling of tooth into occlusion by cells and/or fibers of the periodontal ligament

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What receptor in the vascular smooth muscle does the adrenal hormone epinephrine binds?

both alpha and beta

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Plexus vein in the infratemporal fossa

pterygoid plexus

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Sequence of events in the development of the crown of a tooth

1) deposition of the first layer enamel
2) deposition of the first layer dentin
3) elongation of the cells of the inner enamel epithelium
4) differentiation on the odontoblast

3-4-2-1

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The junction between the primary and secondary dentin is characterized by __________

change in the direction of dentinal tubule

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Neurotransmitter that is released at the synaptic terminals of all preganglionic neurons

cemento enamel

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Calcification of a tooth begins at _______

dentinoenamel junction

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Sphenomandibular ligament attached to the lingual of the ramus arises from _________

spine of the sphenoid

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The palatal root of the maxillary first molar is innervated by the

posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN)

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Perikymata is the result of _________

normal enamel apposition

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Normally the free gingival can be distinguished form the epithelial cuff because the ________

epithelium of the epithelial cuff does not have rete pegs

The synthetic and degratory cell of collagen

fibroblast

Principal target cell of HIV

T4-lymphocytes

What type of mucosa is the attached gingiva?

masticatory mucosa

RBCs that are normal aged or fragmented are taken out of the circulation by __________

macrophages

Buffer systems of the body (3)

bicarbonate protein phosphate

Once dentin has been formed in a developing tooth, the source of blood supply to the ameloblast is the _______

enamel organ

Group of periodontal ligament fibers found in the middle third of the root

oblique

Formative cells of the cementum

cementoblasts

Antimicrobial agent found in secretions of the skin and mucosa as sweat, saliva and tears

lysozyme

Calcified dental tissue that do not contain cells or part of cells within it

enamel

Ability of leukocytes to migrate to the areas of irritation of injuries is __________

chemotaxis

Function of the oral mucosa (3)

thermal regulation sensation protection

Characteristic of the temporomandibular joint

it has two (2) synovial cavities

End product of aerobic glycolysis

pyruvic acid

Medial pterygoid muscle is inserted at the _______

medial surface of the ramus of the mandible

Endocrine gland that regulates the calcium levels in the body

parathyroid

Function of the proximal contact area of teeth

prevent food from entering the interproximal areas

Periodontal fibers originated from _______

dental sac

Sugar molecules of the DNA

deoxyribose

Connective tissue fiber that is found only in the PDL

oxytalan

Heparin is produced by ________

basophils

What branch of the external carotid artery does the maxillary and mandibular and supporting structures get its arterial blood supply?

maxillary artery

Nerve in the dental pulp

afferent and sympathetic

Salivary glands of the hard palate are located in the ________

posterolateral zone

Organelle that is involved int he oxidative process of a cell

mitochondria

Functions of the pulp (3)

defense against irritation formation of dentin transmission of pain stimuli

In postganglionic nerve cells, what neurotransmitter is found in the terminals of sympathetic fibers?

epinephrine

Plasma proteins (3)

fibrinogen albumin globulin

Most abundant WBC in the circulation of an adult

neutrophils

Acquired integument of the teeth is composed of _______

salivary glycoproteins

What blood type is called "universal donor" in blood transfusion

In the facial surface, the free gingival is demarcated from the attached gingiva by the ___________

free gingival groove

Sensory receptors in the lamina propria of the oral mucosa (3)

Meissners Ruffine corpuscles Bulb of Krause

The root of the deciduous mandibular second molar are flared to allow space for the developing tooth bud of which permanent mandibular tooth?

second premolar

Main mineral component of the hard tissues of the body

calcium hydroxyapatite

Teeth that is more likely to exhibit a lingual groove that extends from the crown to the root

maxillary lateral incisors

Fibrillar component of connective tissue that is found on the walls of arteries

elastin

What receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells does the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine hinds?

alpha

Cranial nerve which exits the cranium thru the stylomastoid foramen

7th cranial nerve

What type of joint is the periodontal ligament?

synarthrosis

Hypocalcified areas in the dentin (3)

peritubular dentin interglobular dentin granular layer of tomes

Tissues of the teeth that are vital and capable of repairs and growth after eruption (3)

dentin pulp cementum

WBC that are responsible for specific immunity

lymphocytes

Cells found in the oral epithelium that has a sensory function responding to touch

Merkel's cells

Structures found on the outer surface of enamels (3)

enamel lamellae perikymata cuticle *enamel tuft - EXCEPTION

Substances involved in nerve impulse transmission (2)

sodium potassium

Secretion of the adrenal cortex that acts in the kidney to increase sodium retention and potassium excretioin

aldosterone

Hard palate opposite the maxillary second molar is innervated by ________

anterior palatine nerve

The olfactory nerve passes thru the base of skull from the nasal cavity thru the _________

ethmoid bone

What type of joint is the junction of the occipital and sphenoid bones at the base of the cranium responsible for the anteroposterior growth of the head?

synchondrosis

Bones that form the floor of the nasal cavity (2)

palatine process of maxilla horizontal process of palatine bone

Most of the antibodies in the body that act against bacterial antigens are produced by ________

plasma cells

Chromosomes of the female oozyte

X and X

During the protrusive excursion, the mandibular condyle move in what directions?

forward and downward

Usual order of eruption of primary teeth

central, lateral, first molars, canines, second molars

Smallest bones of the human body are found in the ________

petrous temporal

Cells in the oral mucosa that are presumed to have a role in immune response

Langerhan's cell

Motor division of the trigeminal nerve leaves the skull through the __________

foramen ovale

When the mandible is in physiological rest position, the maxilla-mandibular contact is ___________

not present

Bone on the head and neck which is the only bone that does not form a joint with any other bone

hyoid

Amino acid type of neurotransmitter (3)

glutamic acid glycine gamma aminobutyric acid

Hamulus of the sphenoid bone is found at __________

medial pterygoid plate

Muscles that depress the mandible (3)

digastric geniohyoid mylohyoid *genioglossus - EXCEPTION

Epinephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?

amino

Component of the RBC responsible for the transport of dissolved gases

hemoglobin

Formed elements of the body that is essential for blood clotting

thrombocytes