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GENERAL & ORAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY > SET 2 > Flashcards

SET 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Glucagon is a secretion of what cells of the Isles of Langerhans?

A

alpha cells

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2
Q

Stage of mitosis where cytokinesis take place

A

telophase

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3
Q

Extension of the cervical loop apically from the presumed cervix of the tooth

A

Sheath of Hertwig

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4
Q

Principal antibody found int he body secretions such as mucus, saliva, milk, tears, and secretion of the genitourinary and digestive tract

A

IgA

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5
Q

Muscle where the parotid duct traverse to open into the oral vestibule

A

buccinator

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6
Q

Produced by basophils and mast cells, normally absent in the blood, and prevents blood coagulation

A

heparin

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7
Q

Hormones involved in the regulation of calcium ion concentration in the body

A

cortisol

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8
Q

First form structure in a developing tooth that can be found in the formed tooth

A

dentinoenamel junction

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9
Q

To what structure could an infection in the maxillofacial area spread through the venous route and result to fatal consequence?

A

cavernous sinus

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10
Q

Muscle that do not receive their motor nerve innervation from the trigeminal nerve

A

buccinator

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11
Q

Interdental papilla that connects the buccal and lingual peaks below the contact area

A

Col

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12
Q

Organelle in the cytoplasm if a secretory cell is responsible for processing and packaging of synthesized macromolecular of transport to the outside

A

golgi complex

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13
Q

Essential functions of muscle (3)

A

replicability
movement
posture

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14
Q

Possible mechanism for tooth eruption

A

pulling of tooth into occlusion by cells and/or fibers of the periodontal ligament

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15
Q

What receptor in the vascular smooth muscle does the adrenal hormone epinephrine binds?

A

both alpha and beta

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16
Q

Plexus vein in the infratemporal fossa

A

pterygoid plexus

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17
Q

Sequence of events in the development of the crown of a tooth

1) deposition of the first layer enamel
2) deposition of the first layer dentin
3) elongation of the cells of the inner enamel epithelium
4) differentiation on the odontoblast

A

3-4-2-1

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18
Q

The junction between the primary and secondary dentin is characterized by __________

A

change in the direction of dentinal tubule

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19
Q

Neurotransmitter that is released at the synaptic terminals of all preganglionic neurons

A

cemento enamel

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

Calcification of a tooth begins at _______

A

dentinoenamel junction

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22
Q

Sphenomandibular ligament attached to the lingual of the ramus arises from _________

A

spine of the sphenoid

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23
Q

The palatal root of the maxillary first molar is innervated by the

A

posterior superior alveolar nerve (PSAN)

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24
Q

Perikymata is the result of _________

A

normal enamel apposition

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25
Q

Normally the free gingival can be distinguished form the epithelial cuff because the ________

A

epithelium of the epithelial cuff does not have rete pegs

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26
Q

The synthetic and degratory cell of collagen

A

fibroblast

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27
Q

Principal target cell of HIV

A

T4-lymphocytes

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28
Q

What type of mucosa is the attached gingiva?

A

masticatory mucosa

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29
Q

RBCs that are normal aged or fragmented are taken out of the circulation by __________

A

macrophages

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30
Q

Buffer systems of the body (3)

A

bicarbonate
protein
phosphate

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31
Q

Once dentin has been formed in a developing tooth, the source of blood supply to the ameloblast is the _______

A

enamel organ

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32
Q

Group of periodontal ligament fibers found in the middle third of the root

A

oblique

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33
Q

Formative cells of the cementum

A

cementoblasts

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34
Q

Antimicrobial agent found in secretions of the skin and mucosa as sweat, saliva and tears

A

lysozyme

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35
Q

Calcified dental tissue that do not contain cells or part of cells within it

A

enamel

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36
Q

Ability of leukocytes to migrate to the areas of irritation of injuries is __________

A

chemotaxis

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37
Q

Function of the oral mucosa (3)

A

thermal regulation
sensation
protection

38
Q

Characteristic of the temporomandibular joint

A

it has two (2) synovial cavities

39
Q

End product of aerobic glycolysis

A

pyruvic acid

40
Q

Medial pterygoid muscle is inserted at the _______

A

medial surface of the ramus of the mandible

41
Q

Endocrine gland that regulates the calcium levels in the body

A

parathyroid

42
Q

Function of the proximal contact area of teeth

A

prevent food from entering the interproximal areas

43
Q

Periodontal fibers originated from _______

A

dental sac

44
Q

Sugar molecules of the DNA

A

deoxyribose

45
Q

Connective tissue fiber that is found only in the PDL

46
Q

Heparin is produced by ________

47
Q

What branch of the external carotid artery does the maxillary and mandibular and supporting structures get its arterial blood supply?

A

maxillary artery

48
Q

Nerve in the dental pulp

A

afferent and sympathetic

49
Q

Salivary glands of the hard palate are located in the ________

A

posterolateral zone

50
Q

Organelle that is involved int he oxidative process of a cell

A

mitochondria

51
Q

Functions of the pulp (3)

A

defense against irritation
formation of dentin
transmission of pain stimuli

52
Q

In postganglionic nerve cells, what neurotransmitter is found in the terminals of sympathetic fibers?

A

epinephrine

53
Q

Plasma proteins (3)

A

fibrinogen
albumin
globulin

54
Q

Most abundant WBC in the circulation of an adult

A

neutrophils

55
Q

Acquired integument of the teeth is composed of _______

A

salivary glycoproteins

56
Q

What blood type is called “universal donor” in blood transfusion

57
Q

In the facial surface, the free gingival is demarcated from the attached gingiva by the ___________

A

free gingival groove

59
Q

Sensory receptors in the lamina propria of the oral mucosa (3)

A

Meissners
Ruffine corpuscles
Bulb of Krause

60
Q

The root of the deciduous mandibular second molar are flared to allow space for the developing tooth bud of which permanent mandibular tooth?

A

second premolar

61
Q

Main mineral component of the hard tissues of the body

A

calcium hydroxyapatite

62
Q

Teeth that is more likely to exhibit a lingual groove that extends from the crown to the root

A

maxillary lateral incisors

63
Q

Fibrillar component of connective tissue that is found on the walls of arteries

64
Q

What receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells does the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine hinds?

65
Q

Cranial nerve which exits the cranium thru the stylomastoid foramen

A

7th cranial nerve

66
Q

What type of joint is the periodontal ligament?

A

synarthrosis

67
Q

Hypocalcified areas in the dentin (3)

A

peritubular dentin
interglobular dentin
granular layer of tomes

68
Q

Tissues of the teeth that are vital and capable of repairs and growth after eruption (3)

A

dentin
pulp
cementum

69
Q

WBC that are responsible for specific immunity

A

lymphocytes

70
Q

Cells found in the oral epithelium that has a sensory function responding to touch

A

Merkel’s cells

71
Q

Structures found on the outer surface of enamels (3)

A

enamel lamellae
perikymata
cuticle

*enamel tuft - EXCEPTION

72
Q

Substances involved in nerve impulse transmission (2)

A

sodium
potassium

73
Q

Secretion of the adrenal cortex that acts in the kidney to increase sodium retention and potassium excretioin

A

aldosterone

74
Q

Hard palate opposite the maxillary second molar is innervated by ________

A

anterior palatine nerve

75
Q

The olfactory nerve passes thru the base of skull from the nasal cavity thru the _________

A

ethmoid bone

76
Q

What type of joint is the junction of the occipital and sphenoid bones at the base of the cranium responsible for the anteroposterior growth of the head?

A

synchondrosis

77
Q

Bones that form the floor of the nasal cavity (2)

A

palatine process of maxilla
horizontal process of palatine bone

78
Q

Most of the antibodies in the body that act against bacterial antigens are produced by ________

A

plasma cells

79
Q

Chromosomes of the female oozyte

80
Q

During the protrusive excursion, the mandibular condyle move in what directions?

A

forward and downward

81
Q

Usual order of eruption of primary teeth

A

central, lateral, first molars, canines, second molars

82
Q

Smallest bones of the human body are found in the ________

A

petrous temporal

83
Q

Cells in the oral mucosa that are presumed to have a role in immune response

A

Langerhan’s cell

84
Q

Motor division of the trigeminal nerve leaves the skull through the __________

A

foramen ovale

85
Q

When the mandible is in physiological rest position, the maxilla-mandibular contact is ___________

A

not present

86
Q

Bone on the head and neck which is the only bone that does not form a joint with any other bone

87
Q

Amino acid type of neurotransmitter (3)

A

glutamic acid
glycine
gamma aminobutyric acid

88
Q

Hamulus of the sphenoid bone is found at __________

A

medial pterygoid plate

89
Q

Muscles that depress the mandible (3)

A

digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid

*genioglossus - EXCEPTION

90
Q

Epinephrine is what type of neurotransmitter?

91
Q

Component of the RBC responsible for the transport of dissolved gases

A

hemoglobin

92
Q

Formed elements of the body that is essential for blood clotting

A

thrombocytes

GENERAL & ORAL ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY (5 decks)

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