Sesson 2 Flashcards
ICDN1
what tells you that you are in User exec mode on the CLI
the > sign
what tells you that you are in Privledge exec mode on the CLI
the # sign
what is the purpose of the CPU in a switch/router?
Process any commands and other decision .
what is the purpose of the Flash in a switch/router?
our operating system is stored. It is not run here just stored.
what is the purpose of the NVRAM in a switch/router?
Startup configuration is stored here. The configs when the device loads/boots it does from here.
what is the purpose of the RAM in a switch/router?
our operating system is run here.
Running config is also know as RAM
Examples:
Show flash:
Show bootflash
what is the purpose of the Boot Rom in a switch/router?
contains your boot strap code. POST. All low level config stuff to get the device up.
ROM-MON mode - basically the E.R of the product.
Password resetting is done here.
You need to do a break sequence to get into ROM-MON mode.
what command will you use to show what actual versio of IOS is loaded on a switch?
Show version
What do you need to know about the copy command?
copy SOURCE to DESTINATION
what happens when you copy from NVRAM (startup config) to RAM (running-config)
You will merge the two together. So what ever is currently present in running config will be present afterward.
What happens when you copy from run to start or to flash
you override what is there.
what does Control-shift-6 does?
allows to abort an IOS process
what does control-c do
aborts current command and exit config mode.
how to change the history size from 10 to 50
Switch#terminal history size 50
what does the DO command mean?
allows you to show command where I am typically not suppose to use it.
what command will allow set the length to max?
show terminal length 0
What is a Broadcast?
What is a broadcast domain
can be a packet/frame that is destined to everyone within a broadcast domain (within a vlan).
broadcast domain is separated by a layer 3 (router)
What is a Collision?
What is a collision domain?
when 2 or more devices talking at the same time
A collision domain is a network segment connected by a shared medium or through repeaters (hub) where simultaneous data transmissions collide with one another.
Is it good to have more or less collision domain?
Give me an example?
MORE.
example 1 daycare 100 kids. what is the chances that 2 kids will hit each other.
best thing is to have 100 kids in 100 rooms = no collisions.
What is an example of a Unicast?
1 to 1
You know the MAC of the destination device.
What is an example of a broadcast?
1 to everyone…
ffff-ffff-ffff
what is an example of a Multicast?
1 to a group
how do you get the destination mac address of a frame if you dont know it?
ARP
what is the MAC address table on the switch?
is the forwarding table that will grab the source MAC of the device connected to a interface.
how long does a mac address stay in the mac table?
by default 300 seconds or 5 mins. It resets as long as the device talks.
If a switch does not know the MAC address on its mac address table, what does the switch do with an unknowing unicast frame?
It FLOODS it to all ports except the port it came in.
f a switch does not know the MAC address on its mac address table, what does the switch do with an knowing unicast frame?
It forwards it to the interface since it knows where to send it.
All broadcast frames are what in a switch?
Flooded
what are the 4 steps of DHCP?
Discover
Offer
Request
Acknowledge
what part of the DHCP process uses broadcast?
Discover message
The discover message will be broadcast
but then it will be unicast going back to the original source.
what happens in a multicast frame
if the switch is configured to participate in multicast, then it will learn the ports that have members of the group….
if its not configured to to participate for multicast, the it will be flooded.
What is IGMP?
Internet grouping message protocol. used for multicast frames.
ex IP tv
What are the details of Half-duplex?
Give me an example that uses half duplex
Unidirectional data flow
Legacy connectivity
Higher potential for collision?
ex: Walkie talkie
whats is CSMA/CD typically used on
half duplex
what does CSMA/CD stand for?
carrier sense multi access collision domain.
what are the details of full deplex?
allows for transmit and receive
both ends must be full duplex
does not suffer from collisions
CSMA/CD is used in compare to CSMA/CA
CD - LAN
CA - carrier avoidance = WIRELESS
how should you set up the uplinks for infrastructure link?
Switch to Switch
compare to switch to end device
Switch to switch = duplex full
Switch to end = auto
will you have connectivity on a speed mismatch?
mismatched duplex means?
NO connectivity
half duplex will mean slow connectivity.
what does Late collision mean in the interface?
you have a duplex mismatch and this is usually the half collision side.
if the interface gets a CRC errors ?
cycle redundancy check errors. the switch is checking the FCS
the full frame does not receive the full frame since the other side is set to half and it does not send the entire frame since it suffering from collisions.
what are some copper media issues?
EMI sources may be introduced
cable length too long
wiring can be damaged
what are some fiber media issues?
Splice losses
Bending the fiber in too small a radius light escape
Troubleshoot Interface status and Line Protocol?
- Up/Up
- Up/Down
- Down/Down (not connected)
- Down/Down
- Administratively down/down
- Operational
- Connections Problem
- Cable unplugged; other end of the line disconnected or interface in shutdown mode
- Interface problem
- disabled
Line protocol is used in what layer?
Layer 2
are you speaking the same language.
IP address works in which layer?
Layer 3 or Network Layer.
what uniquely identifies you in the world?
IP address
What are the Private IP address list IPv4?
What is another name for the Private IP address range?
Class A - 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
Class B - 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
Class C - 192.168.0.0 192.168.255.255
RFC1918
What are the Public IP addresses ranges for IPv4
- 0.0.0 to 9.255.255.255
- 0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
- 0.0.0 to 172.15.255.255
- 32.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
- 0.0.0 to 192.167.255.255
- 169.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
What are the Public IP addresses ranges for IPv4 for class A
- 0.0.0 to 9.255.255.255
11. 0.0.0 to 126.255.255.255
What are the Public IP addresses ranges for IPv4 for class B?
- 0.0.0 to 172.15.255.255
172. 32.0.0 to 191.255.255.255
What are the Public IP addresses ranges for IPv4 for class C?
- 0.0.0 to 192.167.255.255
192. 169.0.0 to 223.255.255.255
What are the 2 parts of IPv4 address?
Network and Host
ex. Street and address.
What is a Subnet Mask?
what distinguishes the network portion from the host portion.
how many bits are in a IP address?
32 bits
Class A has what bit fixed and what is the range?
0xxxxxx = first bit is always 0
range = 0 -127
Class B has what bit fixed and what is the range?
10xxxxxx = first 2 bits is 10 in binary
128-191
Class C has what bit fixed and what is the range?
110xxxxx = first 3 bits are 110 in binary
192 - 223
Type of class address questions do not care of what?
Subnet mask
What is 2^0 = ?
1
What is 2^1 = ?
2
What is 2^2 =?
4
What is 2^3 =?
8
What is 2^4 =?
16
What is 2^5 =?
32
What is 2^6 =?
64
What is 2^7 =?
128
How can you find how many subnets (block sizes)?
- Located the last ONE in the new subnet mask.
- Determine what the decimal value is of that position? = Magic number
- Identify the octet this last one is in.
- use the value step 2 and 3 to determine your subnets
What is the equation to find how many subnets you have?
2^S
S=bits borrowed from the host portion
what is the equation to find how many host you have
2^h-2
H = how many bits you have left over - 2.
