Sessions 5+ review Flashcards
What symptoms is a patient likely to have if they have a tumour in the genu
UMN for face- facial and upper limb weakness
Complete spinal cord injury destroying C5-T1 signs
LMN signs in both upper limbs
UMN signs in trunk and lower limbs
STN damage leads to
hemiballismus
Decreased GPi and SNr = less inhibition of thalamus
Which fibres transmit nociceptive inputs
C fibres
Alpha A B and y fibres do what
A and y do motor
B does sensory
left sided constricted pupil lesion
Superior cervical ganglion
3 features of accommodation reflex
Constriction, convergence, convexity
Fibres from the visual cortex synapse at the
midbrain
from which artery is the right middle cerebral artery a branch of
ICA
What forms circle of willis from ICA
Right middle cerebral
Posterior communicating artery
Anterior cerebral
medial aspect of left parietal lobe stroke effects
Sensory deficit in right lower limb
Other word for absence seizures
petit mal
Rapid onset of dementia in a young person is suggestive of
Prion disease
Sensible early investigation in sudden onset elderly confusion
urine dipstick
Cushing’s response is characterised by
Hypertension and bradycardia (increased ICP)
Which lobe is damaged in someone who only eats right side of dinner
Right parietal lobe (awareness of external environment)
Anterior communicating artery connects which 2 structures
Anterior cerebral arteries
Name a factor which increases risk of chronic subdural haemorrhage
Dementia
Occlusion of the proximal portion of the superior cerebellar artery may lead to damage to which other structure?
Midbrain
(Supplies midbrain on way to cerebellum)
Which part of the cortex is particularly vulnerable in occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery if herniation occurs
Cingulate cortex (can herniate between falx)
Progression of condition of patient with raised ICP due to tumour in left cerebellar hemisphere
Lesion expands, first CSF, then venous blood forced out of cranial cavity
ICP increases more = compression of arterial supply to brain cells and
hypoxia
Hypoxia = increased [Na+] in brain cells, further swelling (osmosis)
Exponential increase in intracranial pressure
Features of left cerebellar hemisphere tumour
DANISH
Papiloedema
Cranial nerve palsies CNV caudally
LOC
OCD statistics
more common in men
1-3% prevalence
75% of patients will start experiencing symptoms before age 30
where would you not find D2 receptors
neocortex
where at D2 receptors found at high density
striatum, nucleus accumbent, olfactory tubercle
where are D2 receptors found at low density
hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and cortical regions (substantia nigra)
2 structures implicated in depression
what chemical property of propofol enables it to cross the BBB
lipophilllic
how does propofol decrease consciousness in general anaesthesia
Reticular formation: can’t stimulate cortex
Cortex: cannot generate neural signals
Hippocampus: amnesia
Thalamus: cannot transmit sensory information
which cranial nerve transmits pain from the throat
glossopharyngeal
name a pain modulation structure
periaqueductal grey
substantia gelatinosa
raphie magnus
dorsal horn
80y/o M, sudden loss of vision, generally unwell, rheumatoid arthritis
Giant cell arteritis- already has immune condition and has been systemically unwell
optic nerve affected
Amurosis fugax feature
would be transient
Why is giant cell arteritis damage irreversible
neuronal loss, necrosis, CNS neurones do not regenerate. hypoxic injury
define a stroke
sudden neurological deficit due to vascular cause
2 risk factors for stroke
smoking and diabetes
