Group work S5 onwards

Question 1

Bilateral destruction of C3 and C4 paralysis

Answer 1

C3 + C4 = LMN and UMN so LMN signs (flaccid paralysis)

C5 and below = spastic paralysis

Question 2

Sharp transection between C3 and C4

Answer 2

Spastic paralysis C4 and below

Question 3

Increased tone on left side in Parkinsons

Answer 3

Left substantia nigra has lost most neurones

Question 4

Cerebellar control is

Answer 4

ipsilateral

Question 5

Lenticuostriate arteries do what

Answer 5

Supply internal capsule, come from MCA, comes from ICA

Question 6

Kernig’s sign and Brudzinski’s sign

Answer 6

Kernig’s sign: Position the patients supine with their hips flexed to 90°. This test is positive if there is pain on passive extension of the knee.

Brudzinski’s sign: Position the patients supine and passively flex their neck. This test is positive if this manoeuvre causes reflex flexion of the hip and knee.

Question 7

Would there be any visual field defect in a patient with MCA aneurysm

Answer 7

No- only motor/speech

Question 8

How does ACA aneurysm cause incontinence

Answer 8

Paracentral lobules in primary motor cortex

Question 9

What can sometimes be involved in PCA strokes

Answer 9

thalamus sensory tracts

Question 10

Why do you get disorientation and lack of recall after a PCA aneurysm

Answer 10

hippocampus in medial temporal lobe

Question 11

Why do cerebellar strokes lead to feeling of vertigo

Answer 11

nystagmus

Question 12

How might brainstem be affected by cerebellar stroke

Answer 12

Perforators give off some blood supply

Question 13

OCD re entry circuit theory

Answer 13

cortex projects to basal ganglia, this projects back to cortex via thalamus

Question 14

bipolar type 1 and 2

Answer 14

1 = mania and/or depression
2 = hypomania and depression