Session3 Flashcards
1
Q
10 most innovative companies in 2024
A
Ranked companies:
- Alphabet
- Apple
- Microsoft
- IBM
- Salesforce
- Oracle
- Verizon Communications
- Amazon
- Nike
- Dell Technologies
Dominance of IT and Technology companies.
2
Q
10 most profitable companies in 2024
A
Ranked companies:
- Walmart
- Saudi Aramco
- State Grid
- Amazon
- China Petroleum
- Sinopec Group
- Exxon Mobil
- Apple
- Shell
- UnitedHealth Group
Oil and gas corporations strike back!
3
Q
Most innovative = Most profitable?
A
Observation:
- Some companies are highly innovative and profitable.
- Most profitable companies are oil and gas corporations.
- Many innovative companies are not highly profitable.
4
Q
Learning Objectives
A
Main focus:
- Appropriability regimes
- Complementary assets
- Industry evolution and structural changes
Methods:
- Assess factors behind sources and distribution of profits from innovation.
is this card relevant / important?
5
Q
Chat-GPT Timeline
A
Key milestones:
- June 2018: GPT-1 release
- August 2019: GPT-2 partial release
- September 2020: GPT-3 release
- November 2022: Chat-GPT public release
I dont think this is relevant
6
Q
Chat-GPT Investment Considerations
A
Key factors to consider:
- Is the technology protected by patents?
- Is it emerging or mature?
- Does it depend on complementary technologies?
7
Q
Chat-GPT Protection
A
Protection mechanisms:
- No patent, reliance on tacit knowledge.
- Training data kept secret.
- GPT-3 harder to reverse-engineer than GPT-2.
8
Q
Appropriability Regime
A
Definition: The extent to which an innovator can capture the profits generated by an innovation.
Legal instruments:
- Patents
- Copyrights
- Trademarks
9
Q
Complementary Assets
A
Types:
- Generic: Easily available in competitive markets.
- Specialized: Strong brand, unique technical capabilities.
- Co-specialized: Apps and iTunes Stores enhance Apple’s ecosystem.
