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PO Cards > Session Two Officer Safety > Flashcards

Session Two Officer Safety Flashcards

1
Q

Seven Steps of Defensive Spray Decontamination

A
  1. Control subject /offenders who have been sprayed, using verbal communication and physical restraint
  2. Instructions to the subject/offender to remain calm and not to rub the eyes, and tell them they must obey all instructions
  3. Removal of affected person from the spray area to an area of fresh air, reducing the possibility of secondary contamination
  4. Reassurance that the effects will wear off shortly and that you have the knowledge and ability to help them
  5. Decontaminate using procedures such as applying cool water to affected areas. More extensive decontamination, such as showering, can take place when operationally safe
  6. Medical seek assistance from ambulance or hospital casualty staff
  7. Observe the person until the effects have worn off
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2
Q

The risk of a CEW causing or contributing to a person’s cardiac arrest is:
a) Zero

b) Very high
c) High
d) Higher than the risk of death or serious injury from a firearm
e) Very low

A

The risk of a CEW causing or contributing to a person’s cardiac arrest is:

e) Very low

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3
Q

Routine Motor Vehicle Stop 7 steps

A
  1. CONTACT (Vehicle under notice)
  2. ISOLATION (Tactical advantage)
  3. WARNING (Signalling)
  4. STOP (1m offset from VOI, 7 m from rear of vehicle) *
  5. CHECK (Check for movement in the offending vehicle. Check the offending vehicle’s doors, boot, etc.)
  6. ACTION/ APPROACH (Report location & details)
  7. RESOLUTION (Arrest, TIN etc.)
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4
Q

What do you do with bombs

A

Do not TOUCH /TILT/ TAMPER

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5
Q

What is the definition of a stoppage

A

A stoppage is anything that prevents the pistol from firing, when the user intends that it should fire.

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6
Q

What is the Conductive Electric Weapon (CEW) Taser NSWPF Operational Cartridge?

What is its range?

A

XP25

7.6m

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7
Q

The further a CEW exposure is away from the heart and the fewer CEW cycles applied the greater the safety margin for the CEW affecting the heart.

a) True
b) False

A

The further a CEW exposure is away from the heart and the fewer CEW cycles applied the greater the safety margin for the CEW affecting the heart.

a) True

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8
Q

Handcuffing Principles

A

A

D

C

A

Handcuffing Principles
APPLY
ADJUST
DOUBLE LOCK
CHECK

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9
Q

What does the Conducted Electrical Weapons course on motor functions and/or the sensory nervous system

A

Causing Neuro-Muscular Incapacitation (NMI)

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10
Q
A
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11
Q

Tactical Movement
When moving into a perimeter position, there are six key elements which will give your position away. They are,

  • S
  • S
  • S
  • S
  • S
  • M
A
  • Shape
  • Shadow
  • Silhouette
  • Surface
  • Spacing
  • Movement
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12
Q

What are the Handcuffing Principles

A
  • APPLY
  • ADJUST
  • DOUBLE LOCK
  • CHECK
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13
Q

When conducting a daily spark/functionality test, in addition to visually inspecting the arc you should:

a. Check the CID for any fault icons
b. Remove and reinsert the PPM
c. None of the above
d. All of the above

A

When conducting a daily spark/functionality test, in addition to visually inspecting the arc you should:

a. Check the CID for any fault icons

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14
Q

The use of multiple cycles should be avoided and only considered in exceptional circumstances after the officer has reassessed the situation in accordance with the Tactical Options Model. Notwithstanding this, after ______ cycles police must reconsider the effectiveness of Taser as the most appropriate tactical option and must consider alternative tactical options.

A

The use of multiple cycles should be avoided and only considered in exceptional circumstances after the officer has reassessed the situation in accordance with the Tactical Options Model. Notwithstanding this, after three cycles police must reconsider the effectiveness of Taser as the most appropriate tactical option and must consider alternative tactical options.

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15
Q

Hot Handover Procedures for the Taser

A

Tasers should not be handed over to other officers in the field unless exceptional circumstances exist.

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16
Q

What is the optimum range for the tazer?

A

2.1-4.5m

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17
Q

THREE step must occur for a firearm to discharge:

  1. The firearm must be a __________, working __________.
  2. There must be a __________ in the __________; and
  3. Someone must __________ the __________.
A

Three steps must occur for a firearm to discharge:

  • The firearm must be a functional**, working **model;
  • There must be a round** in the **chamber; and
  • Someone must pull** the **trigger.
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18
Q

Prisoner Management Considerations
When you take a prisoner, who has been exposed to OC Spray to a charging station inform the custody manager or person in charge

A
  • The prisoner has been exposed to OC spray.
  • Time of the exposure to the spray.
  • Approximate amount of OC spray used, e.g.: how many bursts used of what duration, approximately.
  • Normal effects observed following exposure to the spray.
  • Abnormal effects observed following exposure to the spray.
  • If the prisoner is or is not an asthmatic.
  • What restraint techniques were used following the spray and the duration of use?
  • What decontamination procedures have been used?
  • Any other relevant information which will help the person/s taking custody of the prisoner.
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19
Q
  1. ______ of knowledge, __________ and/or __________ .
  2. Taking a ______ position.
  3. __________ to __________ danger signs.
  4. ______ or no __________.
  5. Failure to __________.
  6. __________ to __________ __________.
  7. Relaxing too soon.
  8. Making __________ assumptions.
  9. __________ courage.
  10. Sleepy or asleep on the job
A
  1. Lack of knowledge, apathy** and/or **complacency
  2. Taking a Bad Position
  3. Failure to Recognise Danger Signs
  4. Poor or No Search
  5. Failure to Handcuff
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. Making False Assumptions
  9. Tombstone Courage
  10. Sleepy or Asleep on the Job
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20
Q

Generally, two types of search methods are….

A
  • Crush Method.
  • Blade of the Hand.
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21
Q

What are the three searching principles?

(Searching methods)

A

Slow, Systematic and Thorough

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22
Q

What is the Preferred or Primary Target Area (Tazer)

A

Aim for the centre of seen target mass of the back (where possible avoid targeting the head)

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23
Q

How to avoid position asphyxia?

A
  • Roll the subject onto his/her side as soon as possible. Alternatively, place them in an upright sitting position
  • Do not leave them lying prone on their stomach or in any position where pressure is exerted on the stomach or where the face is obstructed
  • If the subject is restrained with restraint devices on hands and feet, with the hands and feet joined together in some manner behind the back, do not transport in a cage type vehicle.
  • If the subject is conveyed in a sedan, do not place them on the back floor behind the front seats, as lying face down over the top of the transmission well will cause breathing difficulties.
  • monitor the subject closely at all times until restraint devices have been removed.
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24
Q

Always use the following safeguards when using handcuffs

A
  • Approach the subject from the safest angle using the bladed body position.
  • Remain alert and prepared for sudden resistance.
  • Adopt a tactical position that maximises your safety and control of the subject by keeping them off balance.
  • Ensure the handcuffs are double locked by pulling and pushing on the swinging handcuff arm without delay once applied
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25
Q

Defensive Spray can Height approx. __cm, _._ cm diameter, Formulation weight __ grams.

A

Height approx. 11cm, 3.8 cm diameter, Formulation weight 42 grams.

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26
Q

What are the Officer/Subject Factors?

A

Officer/Subject Factors

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Size
  • Fitness
  • Skill Level
  • Multiple
  • Officers/Subjects
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27
Q

A Taser should not be used in any mode on

A
  • for any other investigative purpose. The video and audio capability of a Taser and Taser Cam should only be used as part of normal tactical deployment
  • near explosive materials, flammable liquids or gasses due to the possibility of ignition
  • on persons where there is a likelihood of significant secondary injuries (concussive brain injury) for example: a fall from an elevated position iv. punitively for the purposes of coercion or as a prod to make a person move
  • against passive non-compliant subjects who are exhibiting non-threatening behaviour which may include:

a. refusing to move or offering little or no physical resistance
b. refusing to comply with police instructions
c. acting as a dead weight or requiring an officer to lift, pull, drag or push them in order to maintain control

  • to rouse an unconscious, impaired or intoxicated subject
  • to target known pre-existing injury areas of a subject
  • as a crowd control measure, such as for crowd dispersal at a demonstration or industrial dispute
  • when the subject is holding a firearm
  • against a mental health patient solely to make them comply or submit to medication or treatment
  • unless it is in the performance of the officers duties or at an approved weapons training day
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28
Q

What stages of drawing your firearm?

A
  • Grip
  • Clear
  • Join
  • Assess
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29
Q

PARTS GROUP OF A FIREARM

  • __________
  • __________
  • __________ __________ __________
  • __________
  • MAGAZINE
A
  • Slide
  • Barrel
  • Recoil Spring Assembly
  • Receiver
  • Magazine
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30
Q
A
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31
Q

What are the parts?

A
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32
Q

Handcuffing safeguards

  • Approach the prisoner from the ________ angle using the B_______ B______ p_________
  • Remain ________ and ___________ for ___________ resistance
  • Adopt a ___________ ___________ that maximises your safety and control of the subject by keeping them ___ ______.
  • Ensure the handcuffs are_____ ____ __ _____ and pushing on the swinging handcuff arm without delay once applied:
A
  • Approach the subject from the safest angle using the bladed body position.
  • Remain alert and prepared for sudden resistance.
  • Adopt a tactical position that maximises your safety and control of the subject by keeping them off balance.
  • Ensure the handcuffs are double locked by pulling and pushing on the swinging handcuff arm without delay once applied:
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33
Q

Activated CEWs can ignite:
a) Gasoline and gasoline vapors

b) Butane
c) Some personal defense sprays
d) Some hair sprays or gels
e) All the above

A

Activated CEWs can ignite:

e) All the above

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34
Q

What target area is this (taser)?

A

Preferred or Primary Target Area – aim for the centre of seen target mass of the back (where possible avoid targeting the head)

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35
Q

The guidelines for the use of your firearm uses the term “immediate risk”. Explain this term in the context in which it has been used for police?

A

That the risk is IMMEDIATE and IMMINENT and it is going to happen if you don’t take immediate action.

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36
Q

What actions that may constitute a Hazardous taser Practice include?

A
  • Accidental discharge of the Taser.
  • Recklessly pointing or aiming a Taser at another officer
  • Failing to properly store and secure a Taser which results in an accidental discharge
  • Covering the lens on the Taser Cam or any action or inaction deemed a Hazardous Practice by a Taser Review Panel.
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37
Q

When deploying probes to the front of a person’s body, the CEW should generally be aimed:
a) At the face

b) At the chest or area of the heart
c) At the waist area to split the beltline
d) At the throat
e) At the head

A

When deploying probes to the front of a person’s body, the CEW should generally be aimed:

c) At the waist area to split the beltline

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38
Q

The Tactical Options Model provides the 10 (ten)
Tactical options available for an officer when confronting subject/s.

What are they?

A
  • Officer Presence
  • Communication
  • Weaponless Control
  • OC Spray
  • Baton
  • Firearm
  • Contain & Negotiate
  • Tactical Disengagement
  • Conducted Electrical Weapon (CEW)
  • Active Armed Offender Tactics
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39
Q

What is the definition of use of force?

A

Use of force by police officers includes any situation where police use physical force or other techniques, including a weapon, instrument or implement, in the lawful execution of their duty.

(ANZPAA Use of Force Principles (2018))

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40
Q

Behaviours associated with warning signs but in no way exhaustive

A
  • Direct or prolonged eye contact
  • Facial colour deepens
  • Head is pulled back
  • Subject stands tall to maximise height and capacity to observe
  • Ground kicking
  • Large movements – close to the Officer, particularly with arms and Hands
  • Accelerated rate of breathing
  • Exhibition of non-verbal adapter (abruptly starting or stopping some form of behaviour)
    – Males may remove garments of clothing – shirts etc.
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41
Q

What is the minimum distance when spraying OC face and what the maximum range?

A
  • Spraying OC at a subject’s face is 90 centimetres
  • The maximum effective range of OC spray is 3.5 metres.
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42
Q

What is the justification for the use of the Baton?

A

The decision to use your baton rests with you. You may use your baton if in danger of being overpowered or to protect yourself or others from injury. The force used must always be reasonable.

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43
Q

Unintentional Discharges

Unintentional discharges are rounds fired unintentionally during weapons handling.
What are the Three steps that occur for a firearm to discharge are?

A
  • The firearm must be a functional, working model;
  • There must be a round in the chamber; and
  • Someone must pull the trigger.
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44
Q

What is the ultimate goal of any confrontational situation is?

A

The Ultimate goal of any confrontational situation is control

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45
Q

How Many Amps/voltage Does a Taser Have?

_.__ amps

_______ volts

A

0.02 amps

50,000 volts

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46
Q

What is degrees separation for the probs for the taser?

A

8 Degrees. down

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47
Q

7 Advised Non-Strike Areas for Baton

  1. _____ and ______
  2. The f___________ area
  3. T________ area
  4. Nape of the ______ and base of the ____________
  5. L________ __________ and K________ region
  6. Thoracic (C______) and A___________ (Stomach) areas
  7. _____________
A
  1. Head and kneck
  2. The facial area
  3. Throat area
  4. Nape of the Neck and base of the skull
  5. Lower Spinal and kidney region
  6. Thoracic (Chest) and Abdominal (Stomach) Areas
  7. Groin.
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48
Q

Special Circumstances of the Tactical Options Model

  • Proximity to a Weapon
  • ________
  • Injury or Exhaustion
  • ________
  • Disability
  • ________
  • Drugs/Alcohol
  • ________
A

Special Circumstances

  • Proximity to a Weapon
  • Special Knowledge
  • Injury or Exhaustion
  • Ground Position
  • Disability
  • Imminent Danger
  • Drugs/Alcohol
  • Mental State
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49
Q

What is excessive force?

A
  • Any force when none is needed.
  • More force than is needed.
  • Any level of force continuing after the threat has been removed.
  • Knowingly wrongful use of force.
  • Well-intentioned mistakes which result in undesired use of force.
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50
Q

What are the two types of searching?

A

“Searches Generally” (Section 30 LEPRA)

“Strip Search” (Section 31 LEPRA)

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51
Q

What is the justification for the use of Defensive spray?

A
  • Protection of human life,
  • A less lethal option for controlling people, where violent resistance or confrontation occurs (or is likely to occur),
  • Protection against animals.
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52
Q

When using the CEW in Drive-Stun Mode:
a) Follow agency policy

b) Use care when applying the drive stun to the neck or groin
c) Stay away from the trachea, the back of the neck, and the genitals
d) All of the above

A

When using the CEW in Drive-Stun Mode:

d) All of the above

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53
Q

How many tasers can be used at an incident?

A

Where officers attend an incident and more than one officer is armed with Taser, those officers should take steps to ensure that no more than one Taser is discharged on a subject at the one time. Multiple Taser use or multiple completed circuits at the same time could have cumulative effects and result in increased risks.

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54
Q

What are body alarm reactions?

A
  1. Coordination
  2. Critical Decision Making
  3. Unreliable Mental Track
  4. Tunnel Vision
  5. Auditory Exclusion
  6. General Muscle Tightening
  7. Time-Space Distortion/Memory Disturbance
  8. Unrealistic Expectations and the Aftermath
  9. “Red Mist”
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55
Q

What is

Cover -

Concealment -

A

Cover – Anything that provides protection from hostile fire
Concealment - Is protection from hostile observation.

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56
Q

What will tactical movement assist in with defensive spray

A

SPRAY => MOVE => ASSESS
As soon as the OC Spray has been deployed, move, if practicable, laterally to either the left or right. This movement will assist in:
– moving away from the OC residue, reducing the possibility of wash back exposure
– changing your location in the event the subject/offender blindly rushes forward to attack you
– creating a greater reactionary gap in case the subject/offender rushes you in the event the OC has little effect
DO NOT run or move forward while using OC Spray.

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57
Q

Active Armed Offender Operational Goals ACTIONS AT THE CRISIS POINT

S

I

M

A
  • *S**ecurity
  • *I**ncident Command (formerly immediate action plan)
  • *M**edical
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58
Q

Avoid the use of OC Spray in areas where its use could cause panic. Police should avoid using OC Spray in circumstances where an individual could come to harm as a result of being sprayed or being affected by secondary contamination, e.g.

  • __
  • __
  • __
A
  • Police should avoid OC Spray use if there is the potential for an individual to fall from a height.
  • Come into contact with operating machinery
  • Come into contact with vehicle traffic.
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59
Q

Strike Areas for Baton
Primary - The leg, from below the _____ to the _____.
Secondary - The arm, from the tip of the ____________ to the __________.

A

Primary - The leg, from below the hip to the tip of the toes.
Secondary - The arm, from the tip of the shoulder to the point of the fingers.

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60
Q

What are the four safety firearm principles

  • Treat…..
  • Be…..
  • Keep….
  • Be…….
A
  • Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;
  • Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (Never allow the muzzle of your firearm to cover another human being unless it is required by your duties as a police officer);
  • Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and
  • Be sure of your target. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
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61
Q

How long is a single cycle last on the Taser for?

A

Any discharge of a Taser is characterised by one five (5) second cycle in either Probes Discharged or Drive Stun mode.

62
Q
  • Fill in the Gaps
  • Treat all __________________;
  • Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (________________________________________________________________________);
  • Keep your finger off the trigger _________________________________________________; and
  • Be sure of your target. (_________________________________________________).
A
  • Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;
  • Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (Never allow the muzzle of your firearm to cover another human being unless it is required by your duties as a police officer);
  • Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and
  • Be sure of your target. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
63
Q

The Glock family of pistols are fitted with three separate safety mechanisms what are they?

A
  1. Trigger safety;
  2. Firing pin safety; and
  3. Drop safety.
64
Q

What is the Standard Operational Ammunition

A

Winchester .40 S&W Calibre 165 grain SXT controlled expansion round

65
Q

Can you voluntary exposure to Taser?

A

Under NO circumstances will police undertake voluntary exposures from a Conducted Electrical Weapon.

66
Q

What are the degrees of Weapon Readiness

A

Loaded: Magazine containing rounds fitted, round in chamber, pistol can be fired.
Unloaded: Magazine not fitted, no round in chamber, pistol cannot be fired.

67
Q
A

Swing arm

Fixed arm

Body

Knurled locking barrel

Hing (Mk5) Chain (Mk4)

68
Q

For taser safety accordingly, officers should:

A

Accordingly, officers should:

i. where practicable, load and unload Taser cartridges in a designated Taser loading/unloading room
ii. never aim the Taser at the eyes or face of another person
iii. never throw a Taser to someone else or attempt to catch a Taser
iv. never point a Taser at any person, or in any direction where a person is likely to be, unless it is actually intended to be used in accordance with your duties and these SOPs

69
Q

What are some safety considerations for tazer

Officers are to?

A

Officers are to:

i. treat all Tasers as if they are armed and ready to discharge
ii. keep hands away from the front of the Taser always, particularly when loading and unloading cartridges
iii. ensure the safety switch is engaged and the Taser is in safe mode:
a. before loading or removing a cartridge from the Taser and
b. whenever the Taser is not intended for immediate use
c. before handing it to another officer
d. upon receiving it from another officer

70
Q

There are three (3) modes of use for Taser deployments. They are known as:

A
  • Draw and Cover
  • Probes Discharged
  • Drive Stun
71
Q
A
72
Q

What target area is this (taser)?

A

Secondary Target Area – aim for lower torso front (where possible avoid targeting the face, groin or chest areas)

73
Q

How far do you have to be away from the IED to use my radio or mobile phone?

A

• Do not use mobile phones on radios within 25m or transmit on radios (electronic frequencies may cause a device to detontate).

74
Q

OFFICER/SUBJECT FACTORS
A

G

S

F

S

M

O

A

Age
Gender
Size
Fitness
Skill Level
Multiple
Officers/Subjects

75
Q

If the safety switch of the X26P is put in the down (SAFE) position during the discharge cycle it will?

A

The cycle will stop immediately

76
Q

What is the primary strike area baton?

What is the secondary strike area baton?

A

Primary - The leg, from below the hip to the tip of the toes.
Secondary - The arm, from the tip of the fingers to the point of the shoulders.

77
Q

What is Positional Asphyxia?

A

Positional Asphyxia is a term used to describe the sudden and seemingly unexplainable death of an individual shortly after being taken into custody. The exact cause of death is uncertain but appears to involve a sudden fatal cardiac dysrhythmia (heart irregularity) or respiratory arrest. This is induced by a combination of factors relating to increased oxygen
needs and an inability of the body to supply the required oxygen.

78
Q

Motor Vehicle Stop

  1. C _____________
  2. I ______________
  3. W _____________
  4. S ______________
  5. C ______________
  6. A/A ____________
  7. R ______________
A

Routine Motor Vehicle Stop

  1. CONTACT (Vehicle under notice)
  2. ISOLATION (Tactical advantage)
  3. WARNING (Signalling)
  4. STOP (1m offset from VOI, 7 m from rear of vehicle) *
  5. CHECK (Check for movement in the offending vehicle. Check the offending vehicle’s doors, boot, etc.)
  6. ACTION/ APPROACH (Report location & details)
  7. RESOLUTION (Arrest, TIN etc.)
79
Q

AAO-Priorities

A
  • People
  • Open areas
  • Open doors
  • Closed doors
80
Q

Name 4 symptoms that indicate extraordinary effect of O.C. Spray

  • ___________________________________
  • ___________________________________
  • ___________________________________
  • ___________________________________
A
  • deteriorating consciousness
  • rapid breathing rate (more than 20 breaths per minute)
  • shallow, restrained or difficult breathing lasting more than two to three minutes
  • audible wheezing or noisy breathing
  • blue discolouration of lips and tongue (cyanosis)
  • chest or neck pain
  • profuse sweating
  • vomiting or sever dry retching
81
Q

Identified the building side by its colours.

You are the character facing it.

A
82
Q

When looking for an object which is foreign to a given setting, unusual in appearance, hidden or of questionable ownership, apply the HOT Principle; is it

H

O

T

A
  • HIDDEN,
  • OBVIOUSLY SUSPICIOUS
  • TYPICAL (of the items usually found in that area)
83
Q

What are the advised Non-Strike Areas for Baton

A
  • Head
  • Neck
  • The facial area
  • Throat area
  • Nape of the Neck
  • Base of the Skull
  • Lower Spinal
  • Kidney Region
  • Thoracic (Chest)
  • Abdominal (Stomach) Areas
  • Groin
84
Q

What are Exceptional Circumstances (Taser)

A

1. Being an exception; uncommon, unusual, extraordinary.
For the purpose of the procedures, it refers to circumstances that would cause a reasonable person to believe that prompt and unusual action is necessary to prevent actual bodily harm to self or others.

85
Q

What is the justification for the use of Firearm?

A

You are only justified in discharging your firearm when there is an immediate risk to your life, or the life of someone else, or there is an immediate risk of serious injury to you or someone else and there is no other way of preventing the risk.

86
Q

The optimal survival performance heart rate is between
_____ BPM and ______ BPM.

A

The optimal survival performance heart rate is between
115 BPM and 145 BPM.

87
Q

Behaviour associated with danger signs;

A
  • Fists clenching and unclenching
  • Facial colour pales
  • Lips tighten over teeth
  • Head drops forward to protect the throat
  • Eyebrows drop to protect the eyes
  • Hands rise above the waist
  • Shoulders tense
  • Stance changes from square to sideways
  • Aggressor breaks eye contact and looks at intended target area
  • If out of reach the final signal of attack will be a lowering of the entire body before moving forward
88
Q

How long can the Taser stay on until it goes into sleep mode

A

20min

89
Q

What is the fixed baton made from?

A

spun aluminium and is hollow in construction

90
Q

What is STOPAR?

  • S
  • T
  • O
  • P
  • A
  • R
A
  • Stop - Focus on the new situation and identify the issue/problem/risks
  • Think - Identify the key situational factors
  • Observe - What you see when you arrive, approach and enter a policing situation will provide you with additional information upon which you will formulate your plans and actions.
  • Plan - Based on the information you have gathered to date, a series of options will be open to you. Identify the best options and how you will implement your plan.
  • Act - Carry out your plan. Remember to continually reassess your progress
  • Review - Continually monitor the effectiveness of your plans during and after implementation
91
Q

Seven Steps of Defensive Spray Decontamination:

  1. Control
  2. __________
  3. __________
  4. __________
  5. Decontaminate
  6. __________
  7. __________
A
  1. Control subject /offenders who have been sprayed, using verbal communication and physical restraint
  2. Instructions to the subject/offender to remain calm and not to rub the eyes, and tell them they must obey all instructions
  3. Removal of affected person from the spray area to an area of fresh air, reducing the possibility of secondary contamination
  4. Reassurance that the effects will wear off shortly and that you have the knowledge and ability to help them
  5. Decontaminate using procedures such as applying cool water to affected areas. More extensive decontamination, such as showering, can take place when operationally safe
  6. Medical seek assistance from ambulance or hospital casualty staff
  7. Observe the person until the effects have worn off
92
Q

6 key elements which will give away your position when moving into a perimeter position:

  1. S_______
  2. S_______
  3. S_______
  4. S_______
  5. S_______
  6. M______
A
    • Shape
    • Shadow
    • Silhouette
    • Surface
    • Spacing
    • Movement
93
Q

As with any use of force, the longer the CEW exposure the greater the risk of potential cumulative physiologic, metabolic, and other effects.

a) True
b) False

A

As with any use of force, the longer the CEW exposure the greater the risk of potential cumulative physiologic, metabolic, and other effects.

a)True

94
Q

Five steps of Tactical Communication

  • A__________
  • W__________
  • O__________
  • C__________
  • A__________
A
  • *ASK** – an ethical appeal. Most people will respond to a direct request from Police.
  • *WHY** – a reasonable appeal. Explain why you have made the request, what breach of law or conduct has caused your request.
  • *OPTIONS** – a personal appeal. Tell the person what they can expect to gain or lose. Create and present options for them. Such options may affect them in terms of money, family or reputation.
  • *CONFIRM** – a practical appeal. This is where resistance is confirmed, and you tell them what is required. Following a refusal, a confirming statement is: “Is there anything I can reasonably do or say to gain your co-operation?”
  • *ACTION** – Using an appropriate tactical option. Choose an option based on your perception of the incident as per the tactical options model.
95
Q

What is a Safe Direction

A

A safe direction is a direction in which any unintentionally fired shot, would be safely stopped and contained with no human injury, and at most, only minimal property damage.

96
Q

Communication
1. Words – actual words spoken, phrases and content. Making up
__% of the total message.
2. Body movement – body language, gestures, facial expressions.
Making up ___% of the total message.
3. Vocal – tone, volume, intonation, pitch, pace. This makes up the
remaining ___% of the total message.

A
  1. Words – actual words spoken phrases and content. 7% of the total message.
  2. Body movement – body language, gestures, and facial expressions. 55% of the total message.
  3. Vocal – tone, volume, intonation, pitch, pace. 38% of the total message.
97
Q

Five Steps of Tactical Communication

A
  • *ASK** – an ethical appeal. Most people will respond to a direct request from Police.
  • *WHY** – a reasonable appeal. Explain why you have made the request, what breach of law or conduct has caused your request.
  • *OPTIONS** – a personal appeal. Tell the person what they can expect to gain or lose. Create and present options for them. Such options may affect them in terms of money, family or reputation.
  • *CONFIRM** – a practical appeal. This is where resistance is confirmed, and you tell them what is required. Following a refusal, a confirming statement is: “Is there anything I can reasonably do or say to gain your co-operation?”
  • *ACTION** – Using an appropriate tactical option. Choose an option based on your perception of the incident as per the tactical options model.
98
Q

The Baton
The fixed Baton is manufactured from spun aluminium and is hollow in construction. It is _.___cm
in diameter throughout its length, __.0_cm long and weighs ____ grams

A

The Baton is manufactured from spun aluminium and is hollow in construction. It is 3.175cm
in diameter throughout its length, 66.04cm long and weighs 540 grams

99
Q

Tactical Movement for O.C. use
S______ - M_____ - A________

A

Tactical Movement
SPRAY => MOVE => ASSESS

100
Q

Types of handcuffs

  • Saf-Lok Mk _____
  • Saf-Lok Mk _____
  • P_____________
A
  • Saf-Lok Mk 4
  • Saf-Lok Mk 5
  • Peerless
101
Q

THE GLOCK PISTOL IS A MECHANICALLY LOCKED, __________ OPERATED SELF LOADING PISTOL WITH __________ TRIGGER, FIRING PIN AND _______ SAFETY MECHANISMS.

A

The Glock Pistol is a mechanically locked, recoil operated self-loading pistol, with inbuilt** trigger, firing pin and **drop safety mechanisms.

102
Q

When you discharge your firearm (except during approved weapons training situations) who do have to immediately tell?

A

The Duty Officer at the nearest local area command and the DOI.

103
Q

What are the 10 fatal errors?

                  1. 10.
A

The Ten Fatal Errors are:

  1. Lack of knowledge, apathy and/or complacency
  2. Taking a Bad Position
  3. Failure to Recognise Danger Signs
  4. Poor or No Search
  5. Failure to Handcuff
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. Making False Assumptions
  9. Tombstone Courage
  10. Sleepy or Asleep on the Job
104
Q

Potential Causes of Reduced or No Effectiveness for the taser

A
  • Loose or Thick Clothing. If the probes lodge in clothing and are too far away from the subject, CEW effectiveness may be reduced.
  • Miss or Single Probe Hit. The electrical current must pass between the probes. If one probe misses, the CEW will not be effective.
  • Low Nerve or Muscle Mass. If the probes impact in an area where there is very little muscle mass (e.g., the side of the rib cage), the effectiveness may be reduced.
  • Limited Probe Spread. Probe spreads of less than 12 inches (30 cm) may result in reduced CEW effectiveness.
  • Wires Break. If a wire breaks (e.g., during a struggle), the current will not flow to the probes and the CEW will not be effective.
105
Q

What are the Active Armed Offender Operational Goals

A
  1. Stop the Killing
  2. Stop the Dying
  3. Rapid Casualty Evacuation
106
Q

What are the components of the triangle of safety?

A

SPEED

SUPRISE

VIOLENCE OF ACTION

107
Q

Oleoresin Capsicum spray in a __ % solution

A

Oleoresin Capsicum spray in a 20 % solution

108
Q

Actions following an accidental discharge of a Taser

A

Most accidental discharges of a Taser occur during spark testing after a live cartridge has either been left attached to the Taser by the previous user or fitted to the Taser by the current user.

An accidental discharge is a Hazardous Practice and a breach of these procedures and will result in the suspension from operational use of the Taser for the user who caused the discharge to occur.

A Taser User who commits, or causes an accidental discharge will, at the first opportunity, report it to their Commander/Supervisor. The Commander/Supervisor will verify and assess the situation and suspend the officer from using a Taser.

Where necessary, inquiries are to be made to identify any other Taser User who may have also contributed to the incident by leaving a live cartridge affixed to the Taser. The Commander/Supervisor will then notify the local EDO and a Taser qualified Operational Safety Instructor.

109
Q

Special Circumstances

A

Special Circumstances

  • Proximity to a Weapon
  • Special Knowledge
  • Injury or Exhaustion
  • Ground Position
  • Disability
  • Imminent Danger
  • Drugs/Alcohol
  • Mental State
110
Q

The Ten Fatal Errors are:

  1. ____
  2. Taking a Bad Position
  3. ____
  4. Poor or No Search
  5. ____
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. ____
  8. Making False Assumptions
  9. ____
  10. Sleepy or Asleep on the Job
A

The Ten Fatal Errors are:

  1. Lack of knowledge, apathy and/or complacency
  2. Taking a Bad Position
  3. Failure to Recognise Danger Signs
  4. Poor or No Search
  5. Failure to Handcuff
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. Making False Assumptions
  9. Tombstone Courage
  10. Sleepy or Asleep on the Job
111
Q

The minimum distance, where practicable, when spraying OC at a subject’s face is ___ centimetres. The maximum effective range of OC spray is __.__ metres.

A

The minimum distance, where practicable, when spraying OC at a subject’s face is 90 centimetres. The maximum effective range of OC spray is 3.5 metres.

112
Q

A safe direction is a __________ in which an __________ fired shot would be safely stopped and __________ with__ ________ _________, and at most, only ___________ _________ ___________.

A

A safe direction is a direction in which any unintentionally fired shot, would be safely stopped and contained with no human injury, and at most, only minimal property damage.

113
Q

Cover is: ________________________________________
Concealment is: _____________________________________

A

Cover – Anything that provides protection from hostile fire
Concealment - Is protection from hostile observation.

114
Q

The 3 weaponless defensive principles of edged weapon attack are

1.

2.

3.

A
  1. Protect your body
  2. Create distance from the threat
  3. Stop continuation of the threat
115
Q

SPECIAL CIRCUMSTANCES

P

S

I

G

D

I

D

M

A

Proximity to a Weapon
Special Knowledge
Injury or Exhaustion
Ground Position
Disability
Imminent Danger
Drugs/Alcohol
Mental State

116
Q

Whenever the Taser is removed from storage for operational use, a spark test must be conducted by the Taser User. Before the spark test is done the Taser, User must:

A
  • Safe Direction
  • Ensure the Taser cartridge is removed from the Taser
  • Arm the Taser
  • Depress the trigger
117
Q

The Three function checks after Glock reassembly are:

A

Trigger – Trigger reset – Slide Lock

118
Q

Operational Considerations for defensive spray indoors

A
  • Room Size
  • Exits
  • Air Conditioners
119
Q

Concepts and Principles of Team Movement
The six concepts and Principles of Team Movement are

– Stay _________ as much as possible
– ____ degrees of coverage where possible
– Communication
– _____ the _____
– Threshold ______
– _______ of movement

A

– Stay together as much as possible
– 720 degrees of coverage where possible
– Communication
– Cover the angles
– Threshold Evaluation
– Speed of movement

120
Q

What is the evacuation are for a IED and a vehicle IED?

A

Evacuate 100m for suspected IED/ 500m if suspected vehicle IED

121
Q

What are the ten Fatal Errors (Fill in the gaps)

  1. Lack of knowledge, apathy and/or complacency
  2. _______________
  3. Failure to Recognise Danger Signs
  4. _______________
  5. Failure to Handcuff
  6. _______________
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. _______________
  9. Tombstone Courage
  10. ______________
A

The Ten Fatal Errors are:

  1. Lack of knowledge, apathy and/or complacency
  2. Taking a Bad Position
  3. Failure to Recognise Danger Signs
  4. Poor or No Search
  5. Failure to Handcuff
  6. Failure to Watch Hands
  7. Relaxing too soon
  8. Making False Assumptions
  9. Tombstone Courage
  10. Sleepy or Asleep on the Job
122
Q

What are the following are situations where a Taser should not be used unless exceptional circumstances exist.

A
  • Against a subject who is handcuffed
  • Against a female(s) suspected on reasonable grounds of being pregnant
  • On an elderly or disabled subject(s)
  • On a child or subject(s) of particularly small body mass
  • Against the occupant(s) of a vehicle or the operator of machinery where there is a danger of the vehicle or machinery becoming out of control and posing a risk to the occupant(s) and/or bystander(s)
  • Against a subject who is fleeing.
  • Drive Stun for pain compliance using the Taser in a prolonged fashion by holding the trigger down for a period greater than five (5) seconds
123
Q

The ASP Expandable Baton is
manufactured from __/__ grade alloy steel. It is __.__cm in length (expanded) and __.__cm in
length (closed) and weighs ___ grams.

A

The ASP Expandable Baton is
manufactured from 41/40 grade alloy steel. It is 51.28cm in length (expanded) and 19.74cm in
length (closed) and weighs 462 grams.

124
Q

Control Theory
The ultimate ______ is ___________ of the situation.
You need ___________ for control.
Evaluate the ______________ for control -v- injury
(reasonable force).
Ability to ______________, de-escalate the situation or respond to
_____________ is imperative

A

The goal is control of the situation.
You need advantage for control.
Evaluate the propensity for control -v- injury
(reasonable force).
Ability to disengage, de-escalate the situation or respond to
Escalation is imperative

125
Q

What is Situational Awareness?

A

Situational awareness means being spatially aware and identifying risks within an operational policing context, which may or may not immediately affected the safe resolution of an operation. In simple terms, it’s about being aware of what is happening around you. Your knowledge, experience and training will contribute to your understanding of what is going on and what you need to do.
This includes but is not limited to, factors associated with:
· The subject,
· The environment,
· Bystanders,
· Police resources and You

126
Q

The Nervous System consists of the following:

  • a) Central Nervous System - Command Center (brain and spinal cord)
  • b) Motor Nervous System – Carries commands from the brain to muscles (NMI systems affect BOTH the Sensory and Motor Nerves)
  • c) Sensory Nervous System – Brings information into the brain (affected by stun systems)
  • d) All of the above
A

The Nervous System consists of the following

d) All of the above

127
Q

What is the maximum range of the Defensive Spray (Mk-3)

A
  • Maximum range of 3.5 metres
128
Q

Concepts and Principles of Team Movement
The six concepts and Principles of Team Movement are

A

– Stay together as much as possible
– 720 degrees of coverage where possible
– Communication
– Cover the angles
– Threshold Evaluation
– Speed of movement

129
Q

Medical symptoms that indicate an extraordinary effect of OC Spray might include:

A
  • deteriorating consciousness
  • rapid breathing rate (more than 20 breaths per minute)
  • shallow, restrained or difficult breathing lasting more than two to three minutes
  • audible wheezing or noisy breathing
  • blue discolouration of lips and tongue (cyanosis)
  • chest or neck pain
  • profuse sweating
  • vomiting or sever dry retching
130
Q

Body Alarm Reaction (fight or flight)

  • The ________ Effect
  • P__________ Disturbance
  • E________ of ________ F_________
A
  • The Startle Effect
  • Postural Disturbance
  • Exertion of Maximal Force
131
Q

FUNCTIONING SEQUENCE

  1. _______ - Of the chambered round
  2. __________ - Of the slide
  3. _______ - the fired case from the chamber
  4. _______ - The fired case from the pistol
  5. __________ – A round from the magazine into the chamber
  6. ________________________ – Round chambered, slide locked fully forward – ready to fire
  7. _____________ (Last Shot) – Magazine follower engages slide stop lever and locks slide open
A
  1. FIRING - Of the chambered round
  2. UNLOCKING - Of the slide
  3. EXTRACTING - the fired case from the chamber
  4. EJECTING - The fired case from the pistol
  5. FEEDING – A round from the magazine into the chamber
  6. LOCKING INTO BATTERY – Round chambered, slide locked fully forward – ready to fire
  7. LOCKING OPEN (Last Shot) – Magazine follower engages slide stop lever and locks slide open
132
Q

FUNCTIONING SEQUENCE

  1. FIRING - _________________
  2. UNLOCKING - ____________
  3. EXTRACTING - __________________________
  4. EJECTING - _________________________
  5. FEEDING – ____________________________________
  6. LOCKING INTO BATTERY – ______________________________
  7. LOCKING OPEN (Last Shot) – ______________________________
A
  1. FIRING - Of the chambered round
  2. UNLOCKING - Of the slide
  3. EXTRACTING - the fired case from the chamber
  4. EJECTING - The fired case from the pistol
  5. FEEDING – A round from the magazine into the chamber
  6. LOCKING INTO BATTERY – Round chambered, slide locked fully forward – ready to fire
  7. LOCKING OPEN (Last Shot) – Magazine follower engages slide stop lever and locks slide open
133
Q

What are the four basic principles for safe firearms handling?

A
  • Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;
  • Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (Never allow the muzzle of your firearm to cover another human being unless it is required by your duties as a police officer);
  • Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and
  • Be sure of your target. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
134
Q

Operational Considerations for Indoor Deployment of O.C.

  • ________ Size
  • E_______
  • _____ ________________
A
  • Room Size
  • Exits
  • Air conditioners
135
Q

What is reasonable force?

A

The use of force must be reasonable, necessary, justifiable and the minimum amount used to achieve control.

136
Q

What is the secondary Target Area? (Tazer)

A

aim for lower torso front (where possible avoid targeting the face, groin or chest areas)

137
Q

What are the Medical Considerations when using a taser

A
  • Ambulance personnel are to be called on ALL occasions when a subject has been Tasered. Failure to do so may be considered a breach of the SOPs.
  • When a Taser is discharged the Supervisor should be contacted immediately and informed of the situation.

Officers should:

  • Provide medical care immediately after all deployments of a Taser
  • Monitor the health of the subject while in custody. All persons incapacitated by the Taser should be closely monitored while in police custody, even after receiving medical care
  • Avoid any impairment of respiration. Officers should not employ any restraint technique that could impair the subject’s respiration
  • Continue to monitor and communicate with the subject after they have been incapacitated by the Taser. This includes verbal reassurance as to the temporary effects of the Taser and instructions to breathe normally. This will aid recovery and mitigate against hyperventilation
  • Only those personnel who are Taser trained will remove probes from the subject. Ambulance or local hospital personnel are to remove probes that penetrate the face, eye, neck, bone structure, groin area of a person of any gender, or the breast area of a female.’
138
Q

What are the ABC’s of cover;

A
  • Accurate fire
  • Body Armour
  • Cover from hostile fire
139
Q

What is the justification for the use of Handcuffs?

A

The decision to handcuff rests with you. Officer safety is paramount. Generally, you are justified in handcuffing prisoners only when they have tried to escape, or to prevent escape or injury to themselves or others.

140
Q

Officer/Subject Factors of the Tactical Options Model

  • Age
  • ____
  • Size
  • ____
  • Skill Level
  • ____
  • Officers/Subjects
A

Officer/Subject Factors

  • Age
  • Gender
  • Size
  • Fitness
  • Skill Level
  • Multiple
  • Officers/Subjects
141
Q

What is the Muzzle Velocity of the Glock??

A

320M/S

142
Q

When under stress, apply the following principles:

  1. Gain control of you _________
  2. Keep your _______ _____
  3. Control your ___________
  4. Keep your _______ in check
  5. _______
  6. Always be ______________ for ___________ action
A
  1. Gain control of your voice.
  2. Keep your voice calm.
  3. Control your breathing.
  4. Keep your body in check.
  5. Plan.
  6. Always be prepared for alternative action.
143
Q

STOPPAGES
A STOPPAGE IS __________ THAT __________ THE PISTOL FROM __________, WHEN THE USER __________ THAT IT SHOULD FIRE.

A

A stoppage is anything that prevents** the pistol from **firing**, when the user **intends that it should fire.

144
Q

Identified the building side by its colours.

You are the character facing it.

A
145
Q

Colour Coded Building

  • White:
  • Red:
  • Black:
  • Green:
A
    • The WHITE side is usually the natural front of the premises.
    • The RED side is the right side of the premises as you are looking at it.
    • The BLACK side is the rear of the premises (Opposite the front)
    • The GREEN side is the left side of the premises as you are looking at it.
146
Q

The Audible tone sounds start at. (for the taser)

A

The Audible tone sounds 3 seconds, into the 5 second cycle thus sounding with 2 seconds to go

147
Q

What are the risk factors for Positional Asphyxia

A

The condition appears to be related to the following risk factors when an individual is highly stressed:
- Wild, threatening, bizarre behaviour with possible mania or psychosis
- Violent resistance
- Violent behaviour generally.
- Restraint of the individual in a prone, face down position, while
Handcuffed. Persons handcuffed should not be placed in a prone position for extended periods of time
- Drug and alcohol used by the individual.
- Male gender
- Large build/obesity.

148
Q

What is the justification for the use of a Conducted Electrical Weapon?

A
  • Protect human life,
  • Protect yourself or others where violent confrontation or violent resistance is occurring or imminent,
  • protect an officer/s in danger of being overpowered or to protect themselves or another person from the risk of actual bodily harm, or Protection from animals.
149
Q
  • TREAT ALL __________ AS IF THEY ARE __________
  • BE CONSCIOUS OF WHERE THE __________ OF YOUR __________ IS POINTED AT ALL TIMES. (Never allow the ________ of your ________ to cover another human being unless it is required by _______ _______ as a Police Officer)
  • KEEP YOUR __________ OFF THE __________ AND ON THE __________ UNTIL YOUR __________ ARE ON THE __________ AND YOU HAVE DECIDED TO_______.
  • BE SURE OF YOUR __________. (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
A
  1. Treat all firearms as if they are loaded;
  2. Be conscious of where the muzzle of your firearm is pointed at all times; (Never allow the muzzle of your firearm to cover another human
    being unless it is required by your duties as a police officer);
  3. Keep your finger off the trigger and on the receiver until your sights are on the target and you have decided to fire; and
  4. Be sure of your target.
    (Know what it is, what is in line with it and what is behind it. Never fire at anything you have not positively identified).
150
Q

What is the taser Probe spread at:

  1. 1m
  2. 5m
  3. 6m
A

What is the taser Probe spread at:

  1. 1m= 33cm
  2. 5m= 66cm
  3. 6m 1.8m
151
Q
A

PO Cards (7 decks)

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