Session 9 ILO's Flashcards
Describe the ‘anatomical position’
The human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward
Define the limits of body regions and major parts of the body
E.g head, neck, pelvis (COME BACK TO)
Define the terms , transverse, axial, coronal, sagittal’
These terms are relative, we must never use them in isolation! Always have to relate them to another structure
(COME BACK TO)
Define the term ‘Medial’
Medial refers to a location or position toward the midline
E.g. the ulna is on the medial side of the forearm, and the radius is lateral to the ulna
Define the term ‘Lateral’
Lateral refers to a location or position farther from the midline
E.g. the ulna is on the medial side of the forearm, and the radius is lateral to the ulna
Define the term ‘Anterior’
Anterior refers to the front of the body / a position closer to the front
E.g. the sternum is anterior on the chest wall, and the scapula is posterior
Define the term ‘Posterior’
Posterior refers to the back of the body / a position more toward the back
E.g. the sternum is anterior on the chest wall, and the scapula is posterior
What are synonyms for anterior and posterior?
- Ventral is a synonym of anterior
- Dorsal is a synonym of posterior
Define the term ‘Distal’
Distal means away from the trunk (Thorax, abdomen and pelvis/ Torso)
E.g. The elbow is proximal to the wrist but distal to the shoulder
Typically used in reference to the limbs, where the limb attaches to the trunk
Define the term ‘Proximal’
Proximal means toward the trunk (Thorax, abdomen and pelvis/ Torso)
E.g. The elbow is proximal to the wrist but distal to the shoulder
Typically used in reference to the limbs, where the limb attaches to the trunk
Define the term ‘Superior’
- Superior indicates a body part that is above another or refers to the upper surface of an organ or a structure
E.g. the body of the sternum is superior to the xiphoid process but inferior to the manubrium
Define the term ‘Inferior’
Inferior indicates that a body part is below another or refers to the lower surface of an organ or a structure
E.g. the body of the sternum is superior to the xiphoid process but inferior to the manubrium
What are the synonyms for superior and inferior?
- Cranial refers to a position or structure close to the head
- Caudal refers to a position or structure close to the feet
Compare and contrast to the terms ‘superficial’, ‘intermediate’ and ‘deep’
Depending on the relative depth of the structure
Superficial - Nearer to the surface
Intermediate - Between a superficial and deep structure
Deep - Farther from the surface
E.g. the scalp being described as superficial to the skull
Define the term ‘Ipsilateral’
Structures on the same side
(Help with defining left and right)