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gi missing > session 9- GI infections > Flashcards

session 9- GI infections Flashcards

1
Q

3 main non bacteria/virus in gut toxins

A

nematodes, cestodes, trematodes

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2
Q

what are the gi defences

A

saliva, gastric acid, bile, colonic mucus, anaerobic environment

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3
Q

benefits microbiome

A

competition for nutrients, produces antimicrobial substances, produce vitamin K

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4
Q

what do bacteria in colon produce

A

short chain fatty acids such as acetate, butyrate and propinoate

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5
Q

role acetate

A

cholesterol metabolism

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6
Q

role butyrate

A

energy source for colonocytes

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7
Q

role propinoate

A

regulate satiety

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8
Q

what is FMT

A

transport of faecal better to patients to replenish gut microbiota

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9
Q

how to carry out FMT

A

NG tube, upper GI endoscope, colonoscopy, transplant to caecum

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10
Q

gram negative bacteria causing infections

A

salmonella, campylobacter, shigella, Enterotoxic e coli.

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11
Q

gram positive bacteria causing infections

A

Clostridium difficile

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12
Q

symptoms salmonella

A

nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea, fever, abdo cramping.

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13
Q

how spread salmonella

A

ingesting contaminated food and bacteria.

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14
Q

how does salmonella cause symptoms in body

A

enters enterocytes, then to submucosa. enters macrophage. transferred to RES. multiple causing lymphoid hyperplasia, re-enter gut from liver

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15
Q

shape campylobacter

A

s shaped.

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16
Q

how campylobacter spread

A

faecal-oral

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17
Q

symptoms campylobacter

A

longer incubation period, fever, abdo cramping, diarrhoea.

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18
Q

spread shigella

A

infected stool, person to person, flies

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19
Q

how does shigella cause disease

A

small dose invades coloncytes and neighbouring cells. kills colonocytes and forms abscesses in mucosa.

20
Q

symptoms shigella

A

bloody diarrhoea with mucus and abdo cramping

21
Q

E coli spread

A

faecal oral or water

22
Q

enterotoxic e coli acryonym

A

ETEC

23
Q

symptoms ETEC

A

watery diarrhoea.

24
Q

how does ETEC cause symptoms

A

adheres to enterocytes to cause hypersecretion of chloride ions, and water to leave cells into gut lumen.

25
Q

which bacteria can cause haemolytic uraemia syndrome

A

shigella, campylobacter

26
Q

duration of infection compare

A

shortest- ETEC, salmonella, shigella, campylobacter -longest

27
Q

structure C difficile

A

gram positive anaerobic spore forming bacillus

28
Q

what are toxins A and B

A

A- enterotoxin that causes excessive secretion

B- cytotoxin that kills colonocytes

29
Q

what causes c Diff proliferation

A

antibiotics

30
Q

severe consequences of C diff infection

A

pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon

31
Q

what is pseudomembranous colitis

A

elevated yellow plaques join to form a pseudomembrane.

32
Q

treatment c diff

A

remove antibiotic, fluid resuscitation, metronidazole or vancomycin, probiotics

33
Q

viral causes gastroentertiis

A

rotovirus, norovirus

34
Q

parasitic causes gastroenteritis

A

cryptosporidium, giarida.

35
Q

symptoms rotavirus norovirus

A

vomiting with fever, diarrhoea

36
Q

structure rotovirus

A

double stranded RNA

37
Q

how does rotavirus cause diarrhoea

A

chloride secretion, SGLT1 disruption, reduced brush border enzyme function

38
Q

how is cryptosporidium spread

A

faecal oral or water

39
Q

how does cryptosporidium cause disease

A

ingested oocyst reproduces in distal SI epithelial eels. excreted in faeces.

40
Q

symptoms cryptosporidium

A

watery diarrhoea

41
Q

symptoms giardia

A

persistent diarrhoea, abdo cramping

42
Q

life cycle giardia

A

cyst ingested, damages proximal SI causing symptoms. villous atrophy. parasite excreted to repeat cycle

43
Q

symptoms entamoeba histolytica

A

diarrhoea, liver abscess

44
Q

cause travellers diarrhoea

A

ETEC

45
Q

how does rotavirus cause diarrhoea

A

chloride secretion creates gradient for Na+ and water into lumen, SGLT1 disruption increases osmotic load in gut, brush border dysfunction causes general malabsorption

gi missing (10 decks)

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