session 6 Flashcards
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes
obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome rather than alcohol.
what is Haemochromatosis
excess deposition of iron within the liver and other organs and this can result in cirrhosis
treatment Haemochromatosis
venesection
what causes portal hypertension
blood flow into the liver from the portal vein is restricted. Cirrhosis is a common cause of portal hypertension.
what is Hepatorenal syndrome
AKI caused by cirrhosis due to portal hypertension, dilaiton of splanchnic vasculature, and vasodilation.
percieved as reduction in circulating volume and so causes activation of RAAS.
decreases blood pressure and activates SNS. decreases renal blood flow, by causing renal artery vasoconstriction
cause of Biliary colic
temporary obstruction of the cystic duct which causes RUQ pain. There is no associated inflammation.
casue of Acute cholecystitis
if a gallstone becomes impacted within the cystic duct. Inflammation occurs.
what is charcots triad
jaundice, fever and RUQ pain. caused by gallstone impaction (cholangitis)
blood results of pre, inrta and post hepatic jaundice
pre hepatic- raised unconjugated
hepatic- raised both
post hepatic- raised conjugated
which is the most specifc to the liver of the enzymes
ALT, rasied more than AST in acute damage
what results suggest pre hepatic cause
ALT, AST ALP okay, bilirubin raised
what results suggest hepatocellular damage
increase in AST and ALP
what results suggest post hepatic cause
raised ALP and bilirubin
what causes varices
blood shunting to PVS to systemic circulation due to portal hypertension. this causes anastomoses. these can distend and cause varices
3 sites of varices
oesopahgus, ano-rectal, umbillical
