Session 9

Question 1

Target population

Answer 1

the population being studied

Question 2

Sampling

Answer 2

process of deciding what or whom to observe when you cannot observe and analyze everything or everyone

Question 3

Sampling unit

Answer 3

elements considered for selection in sampling (i.e; people, cities, organizations, documents, departments)

Question 4

Sampling frame

Answer 4

the full list of sampling units from which the sample is selected

Question 5

Probability sampling

Answer 5

large
statistically representative (or proportional) samples of a population
more common in quantitative
qualitative: research is usually for large-scale interview based studies

Question 6

non-probability sampling

Answer 6

gather better data from non-representative samples (more in depth) but is not generalizable
type of sample we choose depends on the purpose of our research (purposive sampling)

Question 7

Factors that affect sample choice

Answer 7

time and money

Question 8

2 reasons for sample selection

Answer 8

ability to exemplify the population we are interested in
their relevance to the research questions

Question 9

Purposive sampling

Answer 9

researchers choosing the case and participants they believe will be informative for RQ

Question 10

Convenience sampling

Answer 10

sampling whoever is available by chance because it’s cheap and convenient

Question 11

2 types of purposive samples

Answer 11

sequential (evolving)
non-sequential (fixed from the outset)

Question 12

Context purposive sampling

Answer 12

extreme sampling
typical sampling
critical case sampling

Question 13

Population sampling

Answer 13

maximum variation
criterion
theoretical sampling
snowball
opportunistic
stratified
generic

Question 14

Extreme sampling

Answer 14

sampling cases that are unusual
demonstrate exceptional qualities

Question 15

Sequential purposive sampling

Answer 15

refining sampling criteria or selecting additional participants

Question 16

Non-sequential purposive sampling

Answer 16

selecting all participants at once based on pre-determined criteria

Question 17

What is theoretical sampling

Answer 17

associated with grounded theory approach
emphasis theoretical saturation

Question 18

Theoretical saturation

Answer 18

data collection does not support any more theoretical concepts

Question 19

Snowball sampling

Answer 19

useful when there is no sampling frame
initial small group of people selected on research relevance than these participants propose others with similar characteristics or experience

Question 20

How much is enough for sample size

Answer 20

difficult to determine in advance
larger the scope and more comparisons, large the sample
goal: saturation
typical interview-based studies: at least 20-30

Question 21

maximum variation

Answer 21

participants/cases that represent a wide range of diverse characteristics based on certain criteria

Question 22

criterion sampling

Answer 22

participants or case are selected based on specific pre-determined criteria important to RQ

Question 23

opportunistic sampling

Answer 23

adaptive approach where researcher takes advantage of unexpected opportunities that arise during the study

Question 24

stratified purposive sampling

Answer 24

participants selected based on specific subgroups that are relevant to RQ
equal number for each strat up
eg; work-life balance study – stratify sample by job type (eg; healthcare, teachers, etc.)

Question 25

generic purposive sampling

Answer 25

selection of participants based on their relevance to the RQ - no focus on specific strategies