Session 3 Flashcards
The Nuremberg Code
groundwork for the development of ethics principles governing research with human subjects
The Nuremberg code characteristics
- voluntary consent
- fruitful results for the good of society
- avoid unnecessary physical and mental suffering and injury
- degree of risk never exceed humanitarian importance
- liberty to bring the experiment to an end
Examples of unethical studies
Milgram obedience study
Zimbardo prison experiment
4 keys to ethical social research
- no harm
- informed consent
- privacy should not be invaded
- should not be lied to (deception)
what is considered harm?
- physical harm
- damaging self esteem or development
- causing stress
- hurting career prospects or employment oppurtunities
- breaking confidentiality
- revealing someone’s identity
informed consent
subjects free to say “yes” or “no”
risks and benefits explained
documented in writing
privacy
covert methods deemed to be violations
confidentiality
only researcher collecting or analysing the data have access to respondents’ personal information
anonymity
no way to identify a person
deception
represent research as something other than it is so participants will respond more naturally
required to debrief respondents after deception
Ethical stances
Universalist, situational, widespread, anything goes, deontological, consequentialist
Universalist
violating ethical principles always wrong in a moral sense
Situational
Ethical judgments depend on the specific context or
situation.
Widespread
Acknowledges that some deception is inherent to social life
and research.
Anything goes
Minimizes the ethical importance of deception.
