Session 8 - Radiography of the Chest

Question 1

What is 1?

Answer 1

• Trachea

Question 2

What is 2?

Answer 2

• Hila

Question 3

What is 3?

Answer 3

Lungs

Question 4

What is 4?

Answer 4

Diaphragm

Question 5

What is 5?

Answer 5

Heart

Question 6

What is 6?

Answer 6

Aortic knuckle

Question 7

What is 7?

Answer 7

• Ribs

Question 8

What is 8?

Answer 8

Scapulae

Question 9

What is 9?

Answer 9

• Breasts

Question 10

What is 10?

Answer 10

• Stomach

Question 11

Where can the costophrenic recess be found?

Answer 11

• At the margin between the diaphragm and the ribs.

Question 12

What does a lobar collapse look like?

Answer 12

• Displacement of the horizontal fissure is indicative of lobar collapse

Question 13

What happens if there is volume loss in the right upper lobe (as a result of collapse, for instance)

Answer 13

• Horizontal fissure is displaced upwards

Question 14

What happens if there is volume loss of the right lower lobe (collapse)

Answer 14

• The horizontal fissure is displaced downwards

Question 15

What is consolidation?

Answer 15

• If alveoli and small airways fill with dense material, the lung is said to be consolidated • This may be due to infection (pneumonia, pus), fluid (pulmonary oedema), blood (haemorrhage) or cells (cancer)

Question 16

What does a consolidated lung look like?

Answer 16

• If an area of the lung is consolidated it becomes dense and white If larger airways are spared, they are of relatively low density (blacker

Question 17

What is an air bronchogram?

Answer 17

• When large airways are spared of consolidation, they become less dense • Characteristic sign of consolidation

Question 18

What is this? Picture 2

Answer 18

Consolidation

Question 19

What does this show?

Answer 19

Air bronchogram

Question 20

What is a pleural effusion?

Answer 20

• A collection of fluid in the pleural space • Fluid gathers in lower part of chest, according to patient’s position

Question 21

What will a pleural effusion obscure if patient sits upright?

Answer 21

• Costophrenic angle/Hemidiaphragm

Question 22

What does this x ray show? Picture 4

Answer 22

Pleural effusion

Question 23

What is a pneumothorax?

Answer 23

• May form when there is air trapped in the pleural space • This may occur spontaneously, or as a result of underlying lung disease

Question 24

What is the most common cause of pneumothorax?

Answer 24

• Trauma, with laceration of the visceral pleura by fractured rib

Question 25

What is a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 25

• If there is tracheal or mediastinal shift away from the pneumothorax, the pneumothorax is said to be under tension

Question 26

What can displace the trachea?

Answer 26

• Anything that increases pressure or volume in the hemithorax will push the hemithorax and diaphragm away from that side. • Any disease that causes volume loss in one hemithorax will pull the trachea over towards that side

Question 27

What does this show? Picture 5

Answer 27

Asbestos plaque

Question 28

What is an asbestos plaque?

Answer 28

• Calcified asbestos related pleural plaques have a characteristic appearance and are generally considered to be benign

Question 29

What causes lung hyperexpansion?

Answer 29

• COPD

Question 30

What does lung hyperexpansion look like?

Answer 30

• Blunting of both costophrenic angles and flattened hemidiaphragms

Question 31

What is pneumoperitoneum?

Answer 31

• Lungs are normal, but air is seen under the diaphragm. Sign of bowel perforation,

Question 32

What is a simple pneumothorax?

Answer 32

• Pleural defect causes air to enter the potential pleural space and break the pressur potential, compromising lung inflation

Question 33

How is a simple pneumothorax different from a tension?

Answer 33

• Tension involves the formation of one way valve at point of injury, perimitting air to enter but not to escape.

Question 34

What is the cardiac index?

Answer 34

• The widest part of the heart and ribcage are measured laterally. • If heart is over 50% of the width of the thorax, it is enlarged

Question 35

What is the ABC system of systematic x ray analysis?

Answer 35

Airway Breathing Circulation Everything else

Question 36

What does a tension pneumothorax look like?

Answer 36

Mediastinu,m pushed to one side