Session 8 - Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

Define hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver

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2
Q

How are Hep B and C spread

A

Bodily fluids

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3
Q

Which types of hepatitis leads onto chronic illness

A

B and C

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4
Q

What are the symptoms of viral hepatitis

A

Nausea, jaundice, stomach ache, poor appetite, fever, fatigue, GI upset, vomiting

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5
Q

What is the virus structure for hepatitis B

A
  • double stranded DNA

- enveloped

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6
Q

What is the viral structure of hep C

A
  • single stranded RNA

- enveloped

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7
Q

What is the viral structure for hepatitis A and E

A
  • single stranded RNA

- non enveloped

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8
Q

What would the blood tests for bilirubin, ALT and ALP for a positive hepatitis result look like (liver function test)

A

Increased bilirubin - liver cant conjugate bilirubin properly so cant be excreted therefore builds up
Increased ALT - enzyme normally found inside hepatocytes but are released in damage. Indicates the degree of inflammation.
Slightly Increased ALP - enzyme found in bile ducts so an increase indicates blockage of bile duct (through inflammation)

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9
Q

What are the types of jaundice

A

prehaptic = increased haemoglobin breakdown

Cholestatic

  • intrahepatic = bilirubin not conjugated so cant be excreted (hepatitis causes this)
  • extrahepatic = gall bladder blocked
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10
Q

What happens to the albumin and coagulation factor levels in hepatitis

A

Decreased due to the liver damage

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11
Q

Who is most at risk of transmission of hep b

A
  • vertical transmission is the highest risk
  • sexual contact
  • injecting drugs
  • needlestick
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12
Q

What is the incubation period for hepatitis

A

6 weeks to 6 months

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13
Q

How common is it for hep b to become chronic

A

Rare - less than 10% of adults

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14
Q

Describe the order of the hepatitis B serology results

A
  • surface antigen produced by virus appears first
  • e-antigen then appears
  • core antibody (IgM) appears
  • e-antibody appears
  • surface antibody then disappears last
  • core antibody IgG persists for life
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15
Q

What is the definition of chronic hep b

A

Persistence of HBsAG after 6 months

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16
Q

What is the treatment for hep b

A

No cure as the virus integrates into the host genome so need anti-viral to suppress replication

17
Q

What is the hep b vaccination

A

Genetically engineered surface antigen which produces a surface antibody response

18
Q

Who is at risk of transmission of hep C

A
  • people who inject drugs
  • sexual contact
  • vertical
  • blood transfusion
  • needlestick
19
Q

What is the likelihood of chronic infection by hep C

A

80%

This results in liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, transplant

20
Q

How many people experience symptoms for hep C

A

20% have vague symptoms. 80% have none

21
Q

What blood tests can be used to determine hep C

A

anti-Hep C antibody test which remains after cure

Also do a viral PCR which is positive shows current infection

22
Q

What is the treatment for hep C

A

Antiviral drug combination for 8-12 weeks but there’s no vaccine

23
Q

What is the risk of transmission of hep C and B by needlestick

A
B = 1/3
C = 1/30
24
Q

What must be done if needlestick occurs

A
  • bleed and wash
  • collect blood
  • PEP
25
Q

What prevents hep B transmission

A

Vaccination