session 7-hormones and their action

Question 1

what hormones require specialised transport proteins?

Answer 1

hydrophilic/lipophilic steroid and thyroid hormones

Question 2

in what situation do hormones bind outside or inside of a cell?

Answer 2

outside=hydrophilic and unable to pass CSM

inside=lipophiliic and able to pass through CSM

Question 3

what hormones are hydrophilic and are transported in the bloodstream dissolved in the plasma?

Answer 3

glycoproteins,polypeptide and adrenaline

Question 4

what is the name of the controlling hormone (i.e. the hormone that initiates secretion of another hormone) and where are these types of hormones mainly secreted from?

Answer 4

trophic hormone

anterior pituitary

Question 5

Name the 6 main hormones that the anterior pituitary gland secretes and what the hormones affect. which four are trophic?

Answer 5

• TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) or thyrotropin-affects thyroid
• ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) or corticotrophin-affects adrenal glands
• GH (growth hormone) or somatotrophin-affects metabolism
• LH (luteinizing hormone)-affects ovaries and testes
• FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)-affects ovaries and testes
• prolactin-affects breast development and milk production

TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH

Question 6

Some hormones come from nerve cells in the hypothalamus and travel to gland via specialised blood vessels known as….
(THESE HORMONES STIMULATE RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY)

Answer 6

hypophyseal portal vessels

Question 7

what stimulates TSH release?

Answer 7

TRH-thyrotrophin releasing hormone

R comes before S

Question 8

what stimulates ACTH/corticotrophin release?

Answer 8

CRH-corticotrophin releasing hormone

Question 9

what stimulates GH/somatotrophin release?

Answer 9

SRH-somatotrophin releasing hormone

Question 10

what inhibits GH release?

Answer 10

somatostatin

Question 11

how are steroid hormones inactivated?

Answer 11

small change in chemical structure that increases water solubility=excretion in urine or bile

Question 12

how are protein hormones inactivated?

Answer 12

degrade to amino acids that are reused

Question 13

insulin is stored in beta cells storage granules as what complex?

Answer 13

crystalline-zinc

Question 14

does insulin circulate in the blood as a free or bound hormone?

Answer 14

free

Question 15

insulin interacts with receptors on CSM, showing it is what type of protein?

Answer 15

hydrophilic (cannot pass through memb) and so could be protein/peptide

Question 16

is glucagon action anabolic or catabolic?

Answer 16

catabolic-breaks things down to produce glucose

Question 17

In the liver, does glucagon increase or decrease: glycogenolysis,glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis?
In adipose tissue:lipolysis?

Answer 17

I,D,I,I

I

Question 18

where is insulin and glucagon stored in beta and alpha cells?

Answer 18

intracellularly in the membrane-limits vesicles prior to secretion

Question 19

What hormone sets the biological clock, where is it from?

Answer 19

Melatonin from pineal gland

Question 20

Where is the biological clock in the brain?

Answer 20

-small neurones that make up suprachiasmatic nucleus

Question 21

What are steroid hormones synthesised from?

Answer 21

Cholesterol

Question 22

What are the 3 roles of carrier proteins (carry hormones)?

Answer 22

Increase solubility of hormone in plasma
Increase half life
Readily accessible reserve

Question 23

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

Answer 23

Sella turcica

Question 24

What 2 hormones are made in the hypothalamus by neurones and are released in the post pituitary?

Answer 24

ADH and oxytocin

Question 25

What is the role of oxytocin?

Answer 25

Milk let down and uterus contractions during birth