session 7-hormones and their action Flashcards
what hormones require specialised transport proteins?
hydrophilic/lipophilic steroid and thyroid hormones
in what situation do hormones bind outside or inside of a cell?
outside=hydrophilic and unable to pass CSM
inside=lipophiliic and able to pass through CSM
what hormones are hydrophilic and are transported in the bloodstream dissolved in the plasma?
glycoproteins,polypeptide and adrenaline
what is the name of the controlling hormone (i.e. the hormone that initiates secretion of another hormone) and where are these types of hormones mainly secreted from?
trophic hormone
anterior pituitary
Name the 6 main hormones that the anterior pituitary gland secretes and what the hormones affect. which four are trophic?
- TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) or thyrotropin-affects thyroid
- ACTH (adrenocorticotrophic hormone) or corticotrophin-affects adrenal glands
- GH (growth hormone) or somatotrophin-affects metabolism
- LH (luteinizing hormone)-affects ovaries and testes
- FSH (follicle stimulating hormone)-affects ovaries and testes
- prolactin-affects breast development and milk production
TSH, ACTH, LH and FSH
Some hormones come from nerve cells in the hypothalamus and travel to gland via specialised blood vessels known as….
(THESE HORMONES STIMULATE RELEASE FROM ANTERIOR PITUITARY)
hypophyseal portal vessels
what stimulates TSH release?
TRH-thyrotrophin releasing hormone
R comes before S
what stimulates ACTH/corticotrophin release?
CRH-corticotrophin releasing hormone
what stimulates GH/somatotrophin release?
SRH-somatotrophin releasing hormone
what inhibits GH release?
somatostatin
how are steroid hormones inactivated?
small change in chemical structure that increases water solubility=excretion in urine or bile
how are protein hormones inactivated?
degrade to amino acids that are reused
insulin is stored in beta cells storage granules as what complex?
crystalline-zinc
does insulin circulate in the blood as a free or bound hormone?
free
insulin interacts with receptors on CSM, showing it is what type of protein?
hydrophilic (cannot pass through memb) and so could be protein/peptide
is glucagon action anabolic or catabolic?
catabolic-breaks things down to produce glucose
In the liver, does glucagon increase or decrease: glycogenolysis,glycogenesis, gluconeogenesis, ketogenesis?
In adipose tissue:lipolysis?
I,D,I,I
I
where is insulin and glucagon stored in beta and alpha cells?
intracellularly in the membrane-limits vesicles prior to secretion
What hormone sets the biological clock, where is it from?
Melatonin from pineal gland
Where is the biological clock in the brain?
-small neurones that make up suprachiasmatic nucleus
What are steroid hormones synthesised from?
Cholesterol
What are the 3 roles of carrier proteins (carry hormones)?
Increase solubility of hormone in plasma
Increase half life
Readily accessible reserve
Where does the pituitary gland sit?
Sella turcica
What 2 hormones are made in the hypothalamus by neurones and are released in the post pituitary?
ADH and oxytocin
