Session 7 - HIV

Question 1

When and where could you see a ring enhancing lesion?

Answer 1

Brain

Caused by opportunistic infections associated with AIDS. E.g. toxic plasmosis, TB

Question 2

Signs a person is immunocompromised?

Answer 2

• rash
• fever
• recurrent infections
• night sweats

Question 3

Consolidation in the lung could suggest?

Answer 3

TB, tuberculosis

seen as a denser area in the lung- white on X ray- instead of air

Question 4

What stain detects acid fast bacilli?

Which acid fast bacilli is likely from a lung sample?

Answer 4

Ziehl- Neelson stain

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Question 5

Name some opportunistic infections which occur in AIDS

Answer 5

• Toxoplasmosis (brain infection by protozoa)
• Tuberculosis (symptoms are cough, fatigue, weight loss)
• Crytococcal disease (fungal infection of the lungs of brain).

Question 6

What is cryptococcal disease?

Answer 6

Infection by Crytococcas fungas. It can cause brain swelling and/ or pneumonia in the lungs

Question 7

How do anti-retroviral drugs work?

What is HAART?

Answer 7

They stop HIV replication by binding the viral reverse transcriptase enzyme

Highly active anti-retroviral combination therapy where 3 drugs are given together to better target the HIV virus

Question 8

What is the combination of drugs given in HAART?

Answer 8

2 Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI)

1 protease inhibitor/ Non-nucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI)

Question 9

What type of anti-retroviral is tenofovir?

Answer 9

NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor