Session 7: Blinding And Common Ocular Conditions

Question 1

Basic eye examination

Answer 1

1. Visual acuity
2. Fundoscopy - optic disc examination
3. Pupil reaction - RAPD
4. Visual fields
5. Extraocular muscle movement

Question 2

WHO criteria for vision impairment severity

Answer 2

• Mild: Visual acuity worse than 6/12 to 6/18
• Moderate: visual acuity worse than 6/18 to 6/60
• Severe: visual acuity worse than 6/60 to 3/60
• Blindness: visual acuity worse than 3/60 or less than 10 degrees visual field around central fixation —> Count fingers, Hand motion, Light perception

Question 3

Complications related to Myopia, Hyperopia

Answer 3

Myopia (Long eye ball):
1. Glaucoma
2. Retinal detachment
3. Myopic choroidal neovascularization
4. Myopic macular atrophy

Prevention:
1. Atropine (low dose)
2. Defocus incorporated multiple segments spectacle lenses

Hyperopia (Short eye ball):
1. Primary angle closure glaucoma

Question 4

How to know the refractive error is under-corrected

Answer 4

Pinhole visual acuity:
- If vision is corrected by pinhole —> indicate there is under-corrected refractive error