Session 6 Token Economies Flashcards
A way to change behaviour by targeting specific behaviours to be reinforced, usually includes tokens that are paired with back up reinforcers, is called a _________.
Token economy.
The key is that tokens are exchanged for something desirable so earning the tokens becomes motivating for the learner.
Token economies work because they are easy to implement and can travel easily, they are minimally disruptive, they can be customised to learners’ interests, and because once the learner knows the tokens are connected to _____________, they will become motivated to earn.
receiving highly preferred items, rewards, reinforcers, etc.
When implementing a token economy you should know is what is __________ for the learner to earn and provide appropriate choices.
available
Preference assessments, direct observations, requests of items/activities/people, paying attention to mentions of any naturally occurring events as favourite activities are all ways to__________.
determine what might be used a back up reinforcer/reward.
Tokens should be delivered immediately, along with specific and descriptive praise, and NEVER presented as ________.
a demand or threat (i.e. take away tokens)
When a BA says it is ok to do so and has a plan to fade, when the whole team is on board and has been trained on the plan, and when the learner is able to work for longer periods of time without having immediate access to token or rewards and is naturally motivated to complete tasks with only verbal praise are the conditions required to ________________.
fade out tokens or reinforcement systems.
To implementing a token economy include you need to identify target behaviours to _____________.
Reinforce (give a token for)
Providing the same reinforcer as a reward all day long will increase the risk of __________.
the learner becoming bored and the reward becoming ineffective. (satiation)
When it comes to implementing reinforcement systems, “mean what you say” means you reward the learner with whatever you have ________.
promised they could have and when they could have it.
When implementing a token economy you need to identify _________.
back-up reinforcers (toys, games, etc.)
When implementing a token economy you need to conduct ___________ before placing demands or starting a difficult task.
preference assessments
When implementing a token economy, after seeing a desired behaviour give tokens __________.
immediately
Giving tokens should be paired with__________.
behaviour specific verbal praise.
When implementing a token economy and all tokens are earned you should ___________.
immediately provide reward.
