Session 6 Lecture Notes

Question 1

What three bones make up the hip bone?

Answer 1

The three bones of the pelvis:

1. Ischium
2. Ilium
3. Pubis

Question 2

What articulate to form the hip joint?

Answer 2

The head of the femur and the acetebular fossa (which is surrounded by the lunate articular surface)

Question 3

What direction is a hip dislocation most common?

Why is there a risk of necrosis of the head of the femur?

Answer 3

Most common = posterior (inferior and posterior region is weakest)
Risk of damage to the medial circumflex femoral artery which is responsible for the majority of the arterial blood supply
It can lead to asvascular necrosis of the femoral head

Question 4

What are the names of the 3 extracapsular ligaments of the hip joint? Which are posterior and which anterior and which bone to they originate from?

Answer 4

1. Iliofemoral ligament (arises from ilium) - anterior
2. Pubofemoral ligament (arises from pubis) - anterior
3. Ishiofemoral ligament (arises from ischium) - posterior

Question 5

What are the 6 movements of the hip joint?

Answer 5

1. Flexion
2. Extension
3. Lateral / external rotation
4. Medial / internal rotation
5. ABduction
6. ADduction

Question 6

What 2 muscles are responsible for flexion of the hip? What are they collectively known as?

Answer 6

1. Psoas major
2. Iliacus

Together they insert on the lesser trochanter of the femur as ILIOPSOAS)

Question 7

Which 2 muscles also assist with hip flexion?

Answer 7

1. Rectus femoris

2. Sartorius

Question 8

What are the 4 main extensors of hip joint?

Answer 8

1. Gluteus maximus
2. Semimembranosus
3. Semitendonosus
4. Biceps femoris

Question 9

What are the 5 main ADductors of the hip joint and which are anterior or posterior?

Answer 9

Anterior:

1. Pectineus
2. Adductor brevis
3. Adductor longus
4. Adductor magnus

Posterior:

5. Gracillis

Question 10

What are the 2 muscles that internally rotate the hip and which 2 can assist?

Answer 10

1. Gluteus medius
2. Gluteus minimus

Semimembranosus and semitendinosus can assist

Question 11

What 5 muscles are responsible for external (lateral) rotation of the hip?

Answer 11

1. Quadratus femoris
2. Gemellus superior
3. Gemellus inferior
4. Piriformis
5. Obturator internus

Question 12

What 4 muscles are responsible for ABduction of the hip joint?

Answer 12

1. Gluteus maximus
2. Gluteus medius
3. Gluteus minimus
4. Tensor fasciae latae

Question 13

When your hip is hurting should you use a stick on the same or opposite side?

Answer 13

Opposite side

Question 14

What is the definition of osteoarthritis?

Answer 14

a clinical syndrome of joint pain accompanied by functional limitation and reduced quality of life

Question 15

Name some risk factors for arthritis

Answer 15

1. Obesity
2. Previous injury in a joint
3. Occupational factors
4. Genetics

Question 16

What is the most common type of arthritis?

Is it inflammatory?

Answer 16

Osteoarthritis
No inflammation or stiffness
Mainly a disease that affects synovial joints - pain and limited movement

Question 17

Name some signs and symptoms of arthritis

Answer 17

1. Joint pain
2. Joint deformity
3. Crepitis (grinding)
4. Osteophytes
5. Joint stiffness

Question 18

What entry route would you take into the hip when inserting a prosthesis following a fracture?

Answer 18

A direct lateral approach

Question 19

What muscle is at risk of damage during a direct lateral approach in hip surgery?

Answer 19

Gluteus minimus