Session 5 Lecture Notes

Question 1

What are the 4 muscles that make up the quadriceps?

Answer 1

1. Vastus intermedias
2. Vastus lateralis
3. Vastus medialis
4. Rectus femoris

Question 2

What is the longest muscle in the body and lies most superficially?

Answer 2

The sartorius muscle

Question 3

What do the 4 muscles of the quads come together as?

Answer 3

The quadriceps tendon which runs continuous with the patella tendon

Question 4

What make up the borders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

1. Base = inguinal ligament
2. Medial border = adductor longus
3. Lateral border = sartorius

Question 5

What is the order of the neurovasculature in the femoral triangle (including femoral canal)?

Answer 5

NAVEL - lateral to medial 
Nerve
Artery
Vein
Empty space (for femoral vein distension)
Lymph canal

Question 6

What are the 2 main nerves in the anterior thigh and what muscles do they supply?

Answer 6

1. Femoral nerve (supplies quads and sartorius)

2. Obturator nerve (supplies ADductors and gracilis)

Question 7

What are the articulating surfaces of the knee joint?

Answer 7

1. Tibiofemoral (medial and lateral articular surfaces)

2. Patellofemoral (medial and lateral)

Question 8

What are the main muscle groups involved in extension and flexion at the knee?

Answer 8

Extension:
Quads
(Vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedialis and rectus femoris)
Flexion:
Hamstrings
(Biceps femoris long head, semitendinous, semimembranous)
The popliteus also helps begin flexion

Question 9

Movement of what tendon results in lateral dislocation of the knee?

Answer 9

The quadriceps tendon (where all 4 muscles of the quadriceps converge)

Question 10

What are the 4 main ligaments around the knee?

Answer 10

1. Lateral collateral (or tibial collateral)
2. Medial collateral (or fibular collateral)
3. Posterior cruciate ligament
4. Anterior cruciate ligament

Question 11

What direction is valgus and varus?

Answer 11

Valgus = away from the midline
Varus = towards the midline

Question 12

Swelling of the knee moments after injury signifies what?

Answer 12

There is blood in the joint space from a significant injury such as an ACL injury

Question 13

What is locking of a joint?

Answer 13

When the joint gets stuck in one position and is unable to bend or straighten

Question 14

Which type of bursitis (swelling of bursa) at the knee is also referred to as Housemaids knee?

Answer 14

Pre-patellar bursa (between the patella and skin at the very front of the knee)

Question 15

Where does tendinitis most commonly occur?

Answer 15

Quadriceps

Patellar tendon

Question 16

What is the most common ligament to be injured?

Answer 16

Medial collateral ligament

Question 17

Which might you also see with an ACL tear?

Answer 17

A small fracture (segond fracture)

Question 18

When the ACL tears can you repair it?

Answer 18

You can’t replicate the ACL

You can use the hamstrings or part of the patellar tendon to graft a replacement for it

Question 19

In a posterior cruciate ligament injury what direction does the tibia move?

Answer 19

Backwards