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ToB > Session 5 > Flashcards

Session 5 Flashcards

0
Q

Cells found in CT?

A 
Immune cells - mast, plasma, macrophage,RBC, 
                         WBC
Adipocytes - White and brown
Osteocytes - bone
Chrondrocytes - cartilage
Fibroblast - makes extracellular matrix
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1
Q

define connective tissue?

A

Tissue of mesodermal origin with 3 basic components

Cells, extracellular matrix and ground substance.

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2
Q

Function of CT?

A

It’s role is to
support and cushion organs by filling in loose spaces between them
form tendons and ligaments hence connecting muscle to bone and bone to bone
Injury repairs - fibroblasts
Immune
Diffusion medium of waste and nutrients

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3
Q

What are mesenchymal cells?

A

Stem cells in CT, that are undifferentiated and differentiate into other cells to maintain the extracellular matrix

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4
Q

What does reticulum cover?

A

Type 3 collagen. Thin delicate network
Vessels, lymph and organs.
Smooth muscle, nerve fibres,adipocytes, some epithelial and Blood vessels,

Forms structural framework around
Liver, spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes

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5
Q

What makes elastic fibres elastic and stretchy?

A

High lysine content

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6
Q

What is electric fibre made of?

A

Fibrillin (a microfibrillar), elastin and amorphous protein

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7
Q

What is ECM made of?

A

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans and glycoproteins

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8
Q

What are GAGs?

A

Made from Hyaluronic Acid chondrentin sulphate

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9
Q

Hat is proteoglycans made of?

A

A core protein + 100s of GAGs

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10
Q

What is hyaluronic acid made from?

A

Linear aggregation of proteoglycans and woven with collagen fibres

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11
Q

What colour does ECM stain with H&E?

A

Pink

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12
Q

Why is the ECM so hydrated and gel-like?

A

GAGs attract water

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13
Q

Describe Loose CT?

A

Eg, blood found in septa and trabeculae.
It is the framework inside organs.
Loosely packed fibres and separated by ground substance.
In oeDma, becomes distended

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14
Q

Describe mucous CT aka Wharton’s Jelly?

A

Umbilical cord and embryo CT, soft GS with lots of GAGs and delicate mesh of GAGs. Contains lots of fibroblast, few macrophages and lymphocytes.
Type 1&3

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15
Q

Areolar CT?

A

Fibroelastic, in deep skin, submucosa, peritoneum mesothelium, adventitia of BV
LOTS of Macro, fibro, mast, collagen and elastin

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16
Q

Dense regular?

A

Fewer cells and less GA
For mechanical and to trasmit forces. Parallel bundles of fibres for max tensile strength
Lig. have fibroblasts, less regularly arranged than tendons.
Tendons flattened fibroblasts, fascicles seperated by endotendineum and held together by peritendineum with fibrous sheaths

17
Q

Dense irregular?

A

Interwoven bundles of collagen, criss cross
Found to skin dermis, capsules, large septa and trabeculae of organs,meet fascia of musclesl, peristeum and perichondrium.
Mostly collagen and small components of elastic and reticular

18
Q

Diseases related to CT?

A 
Systematic sclerosis
Marfans
Keloids
Vitamin C dificiency (scurvy)
Ethlers-Danlos disease
19
Q

What makes keratin?

A

Keratinocytes

20
Q

What does mast cells do?

A

In blood vessels of dermis of skin
Cytoplasmic granules containing histamine for Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions to allergic substances.
Increased vascular permeability, leakage of plasma intomextravascular sites hence local odema.
Causes urticaria and angio-odema in skin.

21
Q

Neurones in skin dermis

A

Important for sensation

22
Q

Where are melanocytes found?

A

Neural crest at intervals of basal layer

23
Q

Granular layer contains what type of granules?

A

Keratohyalin granules

24
Q

What are the name of the fibourous protein in granular layer?

A

Filaggrin - aggregates keratin

Involccrin - corneocytes envelope

25
Q

Hair follicles in skin?

A

And sebaceous glands =’branched acinar. Holocrine secretion

26
Q

Sweat glands in skin?

A

Clear odourless substance with water and NaCl.

Eccrine glands are active in thermoregulation controlled by hypothalamus. Composed of,infra epidermal spiral duct, straight dermal portion and cooler acinar portion.

Apocrine large sweat gland.

27
Q

Other skin appendages?

A

Nails and subcutaneous fat

28
Q

Function of skin?

A

Barrier , prevents percutaneous absorption of e igneous substances.
Sensation using nerves
Thermoregulation vascular and eccrine sweating
Psychosexual communication eg tattoo

29
Q

Variations of skin?

A 
Hair distribution, character affected by A,S ethnicity
Thickness by abrasion
Colour a uv, site and ethnicity
Laxity - stretchiness, AGE, uv
Oiliness- site and puberty
30
Q

Describe Virtiligo?

A

Autoimmune depigmentation
Less visible in white skin and symmetrical
Melanocytes attacked

31
Q

Diseases of the skin susceptible due to skin variation?

A

Vitiligo
Auto-immune hair loss
Fair skin people more susceptible tomUV induced sunburn, freckling, skin cancer and ageing
Acne - puberty

32
Q

What is alopecia areata?

A

Auto immune hair loss as hair follicles attacked

33
Q

What causes sun burn?

A

Uv

34
Q

What causes photoageing and wrinkling?

A

UV light damage to dermal collagen and elastin

35
Q

What causes skin cancer?

A

Malignant melanoma
Malignant growth of melanocytes. Looks like a per trading mole with different colours.
Superficial is above basal layer hence good prognosis.

36
Q

What is Psoriasis?

A

Abnormal epidermal growth and differentiation hence error is basal layey hence excessive stratum corneum. Legions form clear up and form again.
Genes influence
Excessive scaling.
Loss of fluid, protein, heat and nutrients.

37
Q

What is hyperhidrosis?

A

Excessive sweating

38
Q

What is acne?

A

Abnormal differentiation of sebaceous glands increasing oil and infection of bacteria

39
Q

What is keloids?

A

Scars comprised of excessive collagen by fibroblasts following wound

ToB (7 decks)

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