Session 4 - Health promotion

Question 1

What does health promotion aim to do?

Answer 1

Increase peoples control over their own health
Improve health
Make health the responsibility of the individual AND the health service

Question 2

What are the steps in health promotion?

Answer 2

find something that can be prevented ->try to change behavior -> educate -> empower -> hope it causes a social change

Question 3

What are the 3 determinant of health?

Answer 3

1. Physical environment
2. Socioeconomic factors
3. Genetic characteristics

Question 4

What are the 3 levels of promotion?

Answer 4

Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Question 5

What is primary prevention?

Answer 5

Prevent the onset of disease or injury by reducing the risk factors

Question 6

What is secondary prevention?

Answer 6

detect and treat the disease at an early stage (prevent progression and future complications)
e.g. screening and monitoring BP

Question 7

What is tertiary prevention?

Answer 7

minimise the effect of established disease e.g. treatments

Question 8

What are the 6 diellemas of health promotion?

Answer 8

1. Victim blaming
2. Ethics of interfering with peoples lives
3. Prevention paradox
4. Reinforcing strategies
5. Unequal distribution of responsibility
6. Fallacy of enpowerment

Question 9

Describe fallacy of empowerment

Answer 9

Giving people information does not always motivate people to change their behaviour. Peoples life choices are not always due to a lack of knowledge and understanding

Question 10

Describe the prevention paradox

Answer 10

Interventions which work for the population may not always work for the individual. People may not see themselves as the ideal candidate and ignore health promotion. Promoters must engage with health beliefs

Question 11

Describe the ethics of interfering with peoples lives

Answer 11

We do not live in a nanny state and people have the right of choice.

Question 12

Describe victim blaming

Answer 12

Health is a combination of social, economic and environment factors, not just as well as life style choices. Not always the fault of the individual.

Question 13

Describe reinforcing stragies

Answer 13

Health promotion may encourage negative stereotypes

Question 14

Describe the unequal distribution of responsibility

Answer 14

Within a family it may be unfairly the sole responsibly of the mother to cook healthy foods or do stuff to make sure the kids a healthy

Question 15

Evaluation of health promotion strategies is very important. Why?

Answer 15

Need for evidence based interventions
Ethical obligation to ensure no harm has occurred
Programme management and development
Accountability to legitimise an intervention

Question 16

What are the different types of evaluation?

Answer 16

Process (assess the process of programme)
Impact (assess the impact of a programme)
Outcome (assess the long term consequences)

Question 17

What two things is outcome evaluation prone to? Describe these

Answer 17

Delay - an intervention may time a long term to have an effect
Decay - an intervention whose effect is short lasting

Question 18

List the 4 main difficulties in evaluation

Answer 18

• Confounders
• Lag time of interventions
• Expensive
• Design of intervention