Session 4 - CNS

Question 1

what is the brain and CNS derive from

Answer 1

derived from ectoderm

Question 2

what are the differences between the CNS and PNS

Answer 2

the CNS cannot regenerate but the PNS can
the CNS is more sophisticated
in the CNS myelination is via oligodendrocytes and schwann cells in the PNS
tumors in the CNS can be benign or malignant where as in the PNS they are usually benign
CNS has immune privilege via microglial cells

Question 3

what does having immune privilege mean

Answer 3

Certain sites of the human body have immune privilege, meaning they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response

Question 4

which part of the brain stem controls eye movements and reflex responses to sound and vision

Answer 4

midbrain

Question 5

which part of the brain regulates sleep and is involved in feeding behaviour

Answer 5

pons

Question 6

which part of the brain are the cardiovascular and respiratory centres found

Answer 6

medulla

Question 7

where in the medulla do you get the major motor pathways

Answer 7

medullary pyramids

Question 8

what features or the brain allow it to fit the maximum volume into the skull

Answer 8

the brain is folded

lots of sulci and gyri

Question 9

what sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes

Answer 9

central sulcus

Question 10

which lobe controls higher cognition, motor function and speech

Answer 10

frontal lobe

Question 11

which lobe controls sensation and spatial awareness

Answer 11

parietal lobe

Question 12

which lobe controls memory, smell and hearing

Answer 12

temporal lobe

Question 13

which lobe controls vision

Answer 13

occipital lobe

Question 14

which controls coordination and motor learning

Answer 14

cerebellum

Question 15

where do fibres of the visual system cross over

Answer 15

the optic chiasm

Question 16

what part of the temporal lobe can herniate and compress the midbrain when intracranial pressure increase

Answer 16

uncus (medial part of the temporal lobe)

Question 17

what is the name given to the area of the brain where fibres connect the two cerebral hemispheres

Answer 17

Corpus Callosum

Question 18

where is the sensory relay station projecting to the sensory cortex located

Answer 18

thalmus

Question 19

what in the essential centre for homeostasis

Answer 19

hypothalamus

Question 20

why can atherosclerotic disease of the internal carotid artery cause transient loss of vision

Answer 20

the artery supplying the retina is called the central retinal artery
this is a branch of the internal carotid artery
smooth flow of blood is disrupted in atherosclerosis
retina does not get steady supply of oxygen
without oxygen the retina cannot sense light

Question 21

at what part of the central nervous system do the motor fibres arising form the primary motor cortex cross the opposite side

Answer 21

crosses in the medulla at the medullary pyramids

Question 22

what are the major roles of the cerebellum

Answer 22

coordination and motor control, especially fine motor control
posture
balance