Session 3: Improving the Health of the Population Flashcards
Three domains of public health.
Health improvement
Health protection
Healthcare public health
What does a left shift suggest in population health as there is +ve changes to the environment?
That there is a smaller risk group meaning less disease.
What are the factors of the health improvement approach to public health?
Population health
Population health management
Health promotion
Health education
Early prevention
Prevention
Social prescribing
Lifestyle medicine
Explain the virtuous cycle of public health.
Health improvement and early intervention in public health will lead to improved health and health equality.
This will leads to greater personal and population wellbeing.
This leads to reduced pressure on health and social care by more competent public and leads to money being saved to invest in prevention and health improvement.
This last parts closes the strand into a loop and it will be easier to improve health and intervene earlier again and the circle continues.
Fundamental requirements for health improvement.
Evidence of what works and anticipated benefits.
Planning and implementation of interventions.
Understanding population level health needs
Evaluation and next steps.
The logic models of planning and implementation of interventions.
Resources and inputs -> activities -> outputs -> outcomes -> impact
Give brief interventions that can make a difference to make people stop smoking.
Ask and record smoking status
Advise on the best way of quitting
Act on the patient’s response
Define screening.
The presumptive identification of unrecognised disease or defect.
Sorts out apparently well persons who probably have a disease from those who probably do not.
Examples of bias in screening.
Lead time bias
Length time bias
Explain lead time bias
An early diagnosis can lead to the false perception that is prolongs survival.
Screened patients will appear to survive long, but that might be because they were diagnosed earlier.
Patients actually live the same length of time, it’s just that they live longer knowing they have the disease.
Explain length time bias
Screening programmes are better at picking up slower growing, and unthreatening cases rather than aggressive and fast-growing ones.
This means that the diseases that are detectable through screening are more likely to have a favourable prognosis and may never would have caused a problem.
This can lead to the false conclusion that screening is beneficial in lengthening lives of those that are found positive - and you may cure someone that did not need curing in the first place.
