Session 3 - Heart Dissection Flashcards
What is the heart drained by?
Heart is drained mainly by veins that empty into the coronary sinus which has its opening into the right atrium.
What is the coronary sinus?
Coronary sinus: main vein of the heart is a wide venous channel that runs from left to right in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus
What does the coronary sinus receive blood from?
- The great cardiac vein at its left end
- Middle cardiac vein and small cardiac veins at its right end
- Left posterior ventricular vein and left marginal also open into the coronary sinus
Give two features of right atrium
- Mainly a trabeculated surface due
to its formation from the
primordial atrium
- Fossa ovalis: remnant of the
foramen ovalis
Give two features of left atrium
- Smooth walled due to the absorption of the proximal parts of pulmonary veins during embryonic development * Fossa ovalis * Left auricle: remnant of the primordial atrium
Explain the differences between the the left and right ventricle (3)
q* Left ventricular wall is 2 to 3 times thicker than that of the right ventricle
- LV walls covered in finer, more numerous trabeculae carnae
- LV anterior and posterior papillary muscle are larger than those in the RV
Why is the left ventricle different to right?
More forceful contraction required of the left ventricle which must pump blood to the rest of the body; must also withstand the high pressure from oxygenated blood.
Name two of the valves of the right side of the heart
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonary valve
Where is the tricuspid valve found, and how is it specialised for its function?
RA
* Tricuspid valve: anchored to RV wall by chordae tendoneae and papillary muscles which prevent it from collapsing back into the RA.
Where is the pulmonary valve located, and how is it specialised for its function?
RV
* Pulmonary valve: tricuspid, semi-lunar valve – no chordae tendoneae or papillary muscles as shut by blood pressure and not regurgitation.
Name to valves found in left side of the heart
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Where is the mitral valve found?
How is it specialised for its function?
- Mitral valve: bicuspid valve anchored to left ventricular wall by chordae tendoneae and papillary muscles – more numerous in the LV
LA
Where is the aortic valve
LV
* Aortic valve: tricuspid, semi-lunar valve
Describe the circulation of blood in the heart
S/IVC > RA > RV > pulmonary artery > pulmonary veins > LA > LV > aorta
What do helical myocardium and trabeculated ventricles do?
Cause turbulent flow for swift ejection of blood
