Session 3 : Head And Neck Flashcards
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
Terminal branches : maxillary and superficial temporal
Other branches : superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal , lingual, facial, occipital and posterior auricular.
What are the arteries of the scalp?
ECC: occipital, posterior auricular and superficial temporal
ICC: supratrochlea and supraorbital
What is the trajectory of the ICC?
The ICC will ascend in the carotid sheath, most medial structure, it will ascend into the carotid canal in the petrous part of the temporal bone.
It gives off no branches in the neck.
What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle ?
Superior : Posterior belly of digastric
Inferior : Superior belly of omahyoid
Lateral : Medial border of the SCM
What is in the carotid triangle ?
Bifurcation if the carotid artery
Vagus nerve and hypoglossal nerve
Internal jugular vein.
What is the carotid sinus and the carotid body?
Carotid sinus- baroreceptors
Carotid body - peripheral chemoreceptors
What is carotid massage and why is it done?
In the location of the carotid artery, in the carotid triangle gently rubbing a unilateral area for 2-3 mins to decrease HR.
This Is mainly done to treat SVT.
Note : first make sure there is no bruit.
How would you locate the bifurcation of the carotid artery ?
Superior border of the thyroid cartilage.
Spinous process s of c3/4
(In the carotid triangle)
Why does carotid massage decrease HR?
The external pressure is sensed by the baroreceptors.
This signals via the glossopharyngeal nerve 9th to the Brain stem, this then signals back via the vagus nerve to increase parasympathetic input to the heart (M2) to decrease HR.
Where are the venous sinuses ?
They are located between the two layers of the dura.
Between the Periosteal layer and the meningeal layer.
How is the internal jugular vein formed ? What veins drain into it?
Formed from the sigmoid sinus
Receives drainage from the Brain and meninges.
Other tributaries : facial, lingual, superior and middle thyroid & occipital.
How is the external jugular vein formed ?
From the posterior auricular and the retro mandibular vein.
Posterior to the Angle of the mandible , inferior to the outer ear.
Retromandibular vein : formed from the fusion of the maxi alley and the superficial temporal
What are the tirbutaries of the external jugular vein ?
Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Posterior external jugular
What the emissary veins ?
They are valveless veins which connect the scalp through the bones to the dural venous sinuses
What are the diploic veins ?
They connect the diploe to the dural venous sinuses
