Session 3: Face and Neck

Question 1

What are the functions of the neck?

Answer 1

• structural (head support and movement)
• conduit for blood vessles and nerves
• visceral functions

Question 2

What compartment are structural functions of the neck associated with?

Answer 2

• inside prevertebral fascia

bones, muscles..

Question 3

What compartment are conduit functions of the neck associated with?

Answer 3

• inside or associated with carotid sheaths

Question 4

What compartment are visceral functions of the neck associated with?

Answer 4

• inside or associated with pretracheal fascia

Question 5

What are the major compartments of the neck?

Answer 5

There are 4:

• vertebral
• 2x vascular
• visceral

Question 6

Vertebral component of the neck

Answer 6

• contains cervical vertebrae and associated postural msucles
• surrounded by prevertebral fascia

Question 7

Vascular compartments of the neck

Answer 7

• surrounded by carotid sheath

- contain major blood vessles and the vagus nerve

Question 8

Visceral compartment of the neck

Answer 8

• surrounded by pretracheal fascia
• contains:
  
  • important glands: thyroid, parathyroid, thymus
  • parts of the digestive and resp. tract that pass between head and thorax

Question 9

How many compartments are there in the neck?

Answer 9

4 compartments, 3 types (vascular, visceral, vertebral)

Question 10

Strap muscles

Answer 10

A collection of muscles that come from the larynx, thyroid cartilage and hyoid bone and resemble straps.

Question 11

Levels of the neck (know this for images)

Answer 11

C1: open mouth
C2: superior cervical ganglion
C3: body of hyoid
C4: upper border of thyroid cartilage bifurcation of common carotid artery
C6: cricoid cartilage middle cervical ganglion
C7: inferior cervical ganglion

Question 12

Where can the cervical ganglia be found?

Answer 12

• superior cervical ganglion: C2
• middle cervical ganglion: C6
• inferior cervical ganglion: C7

Remember: sympathetic outflow is thoracolumbar so the ganglia provide SNS stimulation to the head

Question 13

At what level does the CCA bifurcate?

Answer 13

C4

Question 14

What are the borders of the anterior neck triangle made up of?

Answer 14

Posterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Superior: inferior border of mandible
Anterior: midline from sternum to middle of mandible

Question 15

What are the borders of the posterior neck triangle made up of?

Answer 15

Anterior: sternocleidomastoid muscle
Inferior: (middle third) Clavicle
Posterior: Trapezius muscle

Question 16

What is found in the anterior triangle?

Answer 16

• Mainly muscles:
  
  • Platysma
  • Mylohyoid
  • Digastric
  • Infrahyoid (strap) muscles
• Carotid arteries, internal jugular vein

Question 17

What is found in the posterior triangle?

Answer 17

Mainly blood vessels and nerves:

 - External jugular vein
 - Subclavian artery
 - Subclavian vein
 - Trunks of the brachial plexus
 - Phrenic nerve
 - Vagus nerve
 - Spinal accessory nerve

Question 18

What does the accessory nerve innervate?

Answer 18

• sternocleidomastoid muscle
• trapezius muscle

MOTOR

Question 19

Which muscle covers a major proportion of the big blood vessles?

Answer 19

Sternocleidomastoid

internal jugular vein, common carotid

Question 20

Do vocal chords have lymphatic drainage?

Answer 20

No

Question 21

What nerves do you have to be careful about in the neck area?

Answer 21

• CNXI
• phrenic
• recurrent laryngeal