Session 3 Flashcards
What is the meninges? Describe
3 layers of membrane around the brain and spinal cord.
Pia mater-Runs tightly into sulci
Arachnoid mater-Runs smoothly and only into big fissures not soul I.
Dura-two layers, periosteal and meningeal, potential space, only potential as csf in sub arachnoid space but pressure on both layers.
What membranes are affected in meningitis?
What does the subarachnoid space contain?
Leptomeninges- pia/arachnoid
CSF and BV’s
Describe 3 layers of meninges
Pia-Thin, adhered to brain surface, follows every fold
Arachnoid-Soft translucent membrane
Dura-Tough fibrous membrane
Two sides of dura?
And what do these two layers form?
Periosteal-fused to periosteum
Meninges-adjacent to arachnoid
Dural folds
Dural venous sinuses
Where is the cavernous sinus and what does it contain?
Either side of the sella turcica and contains nerves,veins and internal carotid artery.
How do Dural folds form?
How do Dural venous sinuses form? And what does it contain?
The coming together of two meningeal membranes, forms below a sinus.
Meningeal Dural layer pulling away from the periosteal layer of membrane, contains veins.
What’s the Falx cerebri? Describe its attachments
Dural folds between two hemispheres. Ant part attaches to the floor of the cranium and post part attaches to tentorium cerebri.
Main two Dural venous sinuses?
How is the tentorium cerebri formed?
Sup sagittal sinus
Inf sagittal sinus
Layers of the falx cerebri split agin and reform it after the iss
Role of Dural folds and problem?
Stabilise the brain and act as rigid dividers. Problem as an increase in pressure can lead to herniation of parts of brain.
Define Dural venous sinuses? And where do they eventually all drain? And where do they receive blood from?
Venous filled spaces created by the separation of the meningeal layer from the periosteal layer. Internal jugular vein. Cerebral veins.
Role of inf/sup petrosal sinus?
Where are cerebral veins located and where do they drain?
Where and how do scalp veins drain?
Note pg 16 of session 3 has great summary
Connects the cavernous sinus to the jugular veins
Located in sup arachnoid space and drain into Dural venous sinuses via bridging veins.
They drain also into Dural venous sinuses via emissary veins that go through the skull.
What’s an intracranial haemorrhage? Name 3
What’s an intracerebral haemorrhage?
Bleeding between layers of meninges, extradural (MMA), subdural(banana), subarachnoid.
Bleeding in the actual brain tissue.contusion of tearing of white matter.
Describe pathology of subdural haemorrhage?
Usually a bleed from bridging veins in the potential space between dura and arachnoid. Brain atrophy makes them more tense thus easier to damage. So space can fill.
Describe a subarachnoid haemorrhage
Arterial bleed, usually circle of Willis branch aneurysm. Blood mixes with CSF in subarachnoid space very fatal as higher level of brain irritation as next to pia and closer to brain.
On a scan the bleed is in the middle as cerebral arteries.
What makes up the anterior floor of cranial cavity?
Middle?
Posterior?
Ant-sphenoid and frontal
Middle-sphenoid and temporal
Post-occipital,temporal,sphenoid
