session 25: diet Flashcards
adverse food reactions
- limited antigen diet (novel/ hydrolyzed protein)
- ingredients as well as non ingredients (additives)
inflammatory skin condition
- High in n-3 fatty acids (consider n-6:n-3 ratio), vitamin A, vitamin E, and zinc
- Added antioxidants
- Particular diseases may need various supplements and doses
osteoarthritis
- High in EPA/DHA
- Added glucosamine, chondroitin, and antioxidants
- Low energy density of pet is overweight
- Additional supplementation may be necessary to reach ideal dose
- GI upset may occur due to high n-3 fatty acid supplementation
cognitive dysfunction
- Added lipoic acid, carnitine, and antioxidants
- High EPA/DHA
- Synergistic effect of nutrients when combined
idiopathic epilepsy
- high medium-chain triglycerides
- synergistic effect of nutrients when combined
Anxiety
- Added L-tryptophan, hydrolyzed casein, and antioxidants
- Modified fiber
- Synergistic effect of nutrients when combined
Degenerative valve disease and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
- Controlled sodium
- High EPA/DHA
- Avoid low protein
- Supplement potassium as needed
- Maintain optimal body condition and muscle condition
Dilated cardiomyopathy
- Controlled sodium
- High EPA/DHA
- Avoid low protein
- Added taurine and carnitine
- Supplement potassium as needed
- Maintain optimal body condition and muscle condition
calcium oxalate urolithiasis
- Low oxalate ingredients
- Controlled calcium with appropriate Ca:P ratio
- Avoid vitamin C supplementation
- Low relative supersaturation
- Added water
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
struvite urolithiasis
- Controlled magnesium, phosphorous, and protein
- Target acidic urine pH
- Added water
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose<
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
- In dogs, struvites are typically associated with infection so a special diet may not be needed long term
urate urolithiasis
- Low purines
- Target alkaline pH
- Added water
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose<
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
cystine urolithiasis
- Controlled cystine and methionine
- Target alkaline pH
- Added water
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
Matrix-crystalline plugs in lower urinary tract disease
- Based on mineral content of plug
- Added water
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
Feline idiopathic cystitis
- Added antioxidants
- High EPA/DHA
- Added water
- Low energy density if overweight
- Many of these nutrients can be incorporated into other diets but can be hard to identify unless the diet is labeled for this purpose
- Goal: USG <1.020 in dogs and <1.035 in cats
Diabetes mellitus
- High soluble and insoluble fiber
- Low carbohydrates in feline diets
- High protein
- Low energy density if overweight
pancreatitis
- low fat in canine diets
- limited antigen in feline diets
exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI)
- Achieve optimal body condition
- Additional fiber may be needed if soft stool is persistent
- May not need specific diet if enzyme supplementation is appropriate
- Cobalamin may need to be supplemented
acute vomiting/diarrhea
highly digestible
low to moderate fat
chronic enteropathy
limited antigen diet (novel/hydrolyzed)
+/- modified fiber
+/- low fat
cobalamin and folate may need to be supplemented
intestinal dysbiosis
modified fiber
cobalamin may need to be supplemented
protein- losing enteropathy (PLE)
low fat
+/- limited antigen
fiber-responsive colitis and large bowel diarrhea
moderate to high fiber
mixed fiber be supplemented separately
constipation
moderate to high fiber
mixed fiber types
low E density if overwt
increased water
obsipation
highly digestible
low E density if overwt
Caution with high fiber wt loss diets
