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Head & Neck > Session 2 - Osteology Of Skull And TMJ > Flashcards

Session 2 - Osteology Of Skull And TMJ Flashcards

1
Q

What are sutures and where are they

List them

A

Fibrous tough joints that prevent movement and displacement of skull bones

Occur where one bone meets the other

Coronal (intersection between frontal bone and 2 parietal bones)

Long mid lines suture (separates 2 parietal bones)

Lamboid (occipital with parietal)

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2
Q

What is the bregma

A

Point of intersection where coronal suture intersect sagittal

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3
Q

What is the lambda

A

Posteriorly

Sag suture intersect lamboid suture

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4
Q

What are the bregma and lambda

A

Where fontanelles were in skull in infants

Ossify with age

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5
Q

What are fontanelles

A

Large areas of unossified membranous gaps between flat bones of calvaria

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6
Q

What are the main clinical fontanelles

A

Anterior: was/is future site of bregma
Posterior: was/is future site of lambda

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7
Q

Why are fontanelles developed, what is there use

A

Allow for alteration of skull size and shape during childbirth as well as permit growth of infant brain

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8
Q

At what age do the anterior and posterior fontanelles fuse

A

Ant - 18month to 2 yrs (used more clinically)

Post- 1 to 3 months

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9
Q

What is the early fusion of fontanelles and sutures called

A

Craniosynostosis ( rare )

Affect shape and brain development cuz skull cant adapt as brain grows

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10
Q

What is the anterior fontanelles clinically used for

A

Convex in healthy baby

Palpation over spot will give indication of health

Bulge - high pressure (along with other symptoms)
Dip / sunken - dehydrated

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11
Q

What are the layers of the calvaria

A

Trilaminar arrangement

Compact bone (outer) 
Spongy bone (diploe) 
Compact bone (inner)
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12
Q

What is the trilaminar arrangement of the skull useful for

A

Keeping head light as well as strong

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13
Q

What is periosteum and where is it

A

Each bone coated in periosteum (outer, edges, and inner)

one will be stuck to outer table and sutures, continues to inner table (side of bone facing brain)

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14
Q

Where does the middle meningeal artery enter in the dura and why is it important

A

Meningeal - Up against floor then lateral side of skull to supply dura, run between bone itself and periosteal layer

Between periosteal layer and inner bone

Important in fractures, bleeds ( fill space between periosteum and inner table ) and strip away periosteum from inner table

When reaches sutures peristeum is hardly glued so blood cant strip it so it forms extradural haematoma

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the cranial floor

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior cranial fossae (depressions)

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16
Q

What bones form the floors of the cranial cavity

A

Frontal bone (curves around and swings back) to form most of anterior cranial floor

17
Q

Where does the ethmoid bone sits and list its important features

A

Middle of anterior cranial fossae

Flat bit (prupaform plate with holes ( foramina ) where olfactory nerves pass where they provide sense of smell around nasal cavity

18
Q

Describe sphenoid bone and it’s glandular housing

What cranial floor cavity it forms

A

Forms a little part of anterior cranial fossa (mostly middle cranial fossa tho)

A lot of middle cranial fossa

Saddle like depression (sella turcica) where pit sits in middle

19
Q

Why is the oestrous part of the temporal bone important

A

Houses your inner ear components

20
Q

What forms the posterior cranial floor

A

Occipital?

Foramen magnum in base of this bone (where brainstem become spinal cord)

21
Q

Why is the foramen magnum important

A

It is where the brainstem becomes the spinal cord

22
Q

If a patient hits their head, but there is no presence or a skull fracture, should you be worried about intracranial injury ?

A

Yes, even in the absence of a skull fracture n intracranial injury can still occur

When a skull fracture does occur that should incr worry about intracranial injury

23
Q

What are the two types of cranial vault skull injuries

A

Linear (like cracking an egg) - straight and no bone displacement

Comminuted (many fracture lines) - may be displaced fragments of bone inwards towards brain (depressed via non depressed (aka non displaced)

24
Q

Why are blows to the sides of head dangerous

A

Cuz pterion region is thinnest part and underneath is medial meningeal which can be severed causing extradural haemorrhage

25
Q

What are basilar fractures and signs

A

Rare

Signs gives indication what part of cranial floor fractured

Fracture of cranial floor

Anterior cranial fossa - bilateral bruising around and in eye
Middle (petrous part of temporal) called battles sign- blood in middle ear cavity

26
Q

What fracture is rare to break but easily damagable to the skin

A

Supraorbital ridge (frontal bone) near Side eye

27
Q

What bones in the face are the most commonly fractured

A

Nasal, zygomatic, mandible

28
Q

What is unique about mandibular fractures

A

If its fractured it one place there will always be another one

29
Q

What is a zygoma

A

Forms part of zygomatic arch of cheekbone

30
Q

What are some conditions commonly associated with the TMJ

A

TMJ disorder (pain in ear jaw etc)
Dislocation
Arthritis

If pain in ear but ear fine think TMJ

31
Q

What is the TMJ joint innervated by

A

Auriculotemporal nerve

Branch of mandibular division of trigeminal

32
Q

What is the TMJ joint

A

Articulation between temporal bone and mandible

33
Q

Why in facial injuries do you use an x ray but for head you use CT

A

Want to make sure brain is fine in head injuries (lineated commulated etc) , but in facial just concerned about bones

34
Q

What is unusual about TMJ structure

A

Synovial hinge joint divided into 2 synovial cavities by disc

Joint stabilised by capsule and 3 extracapsular ligament

35
Q

Describe the movements of the jaw and what happens in jaw dislocation

A

Open jaw slightly occurs in inferior joint capsule (rotational action)

Gliding forward action ( open jaw even wider )where condyles slip onto articular tubercle not in front of, is done by superior half of joint cavity

In front of means dislocation has occurred due to pterygoid muscles and jaw locks due to muscle spasms

Head & Neck (4 decks)

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