Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CVS A > Session 2 Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Session 2 Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are resistance vessels?

A

Restrict blood flow to drive supply to hard-to-perfuse areas of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give an example of a resistance vessel?

A

Arterial vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are capacitance vessels?

A

Enable system to vary amount of blood pumped around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give an example of a capacitance vessel?

A

Venous vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

At rest, where is the majority of the blood supply?

A

To the gut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During exercise, where is the majority of the blood supply?

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is there constant blood supply?

A

Brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two pumps involved in circulation?

A
  • Systemic circulation

- Pulmonary circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Systemic circulation features

A
  • High pressure

- Oxygenated blood carried from the heart to the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pulmonary circulation features

A
  • Low pressure

- De-oxygenated blood carried from heart to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What side of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood?

A

Right - pumps to lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At rest, how much blood do the ventricles pump out?

A

70ml - this is the stroke volume

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

At a heart rate of 70bpm, how much blood is pumped out?

A

4.9l (approx volume of blood in the body)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What type of muscle is heart muscle?

A

Striated muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the structure of heart muscle?

A
  • Discrete cells but interconnected electrically
  • Cells connected via gap junctions
  • Cells contract in response to action potential in membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does a cardiac action potential cause?

A

Rise in intracellular calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Are cardiac action potential long or short and why?

A
  • Relatively long (280 ms)

- Needs to be this long because one action potential drives the beat of a heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How are action potentials in the heart spread?

A

By excitation from cell to cell

19
Q

In what motion do the ventricles contract?

A

Twisting motion

20
Q

How many valves are there in a heart?

A

Four

21
Q

What valves are on the right side of the heart?

A

Tricuspid and pulmonary

22
Q

What valves are on the left side of the heart?

A

Mitral and aortic

23
Q

How many leaflets do all the valves have?

A

Tricuspid & pulmonary & aortic - 3

mitral - 2

24
Q

What determines when the valves open or close?

A

Differential blood pressure on each side

25
Q

How do you prevent inversion of valves on systole?

A

Cusps of the mitral and tricuspid valve attach to the papillary muscle via chordae tendinae

26
Q

When the aortic valve is open, what happens to the mitral valve?

A

Closed

27
Q

What generates the action potential?

A

Pacemaker cells in sinoatrial node

28
Q

What is the sinoatrial node?

A

Specialised cardiac myocytes that generate an action potential

29
Q

What are the different stages of the cell cycle?

A
  1. Atrial contraction
  2. Isovolumetric contraction
  3. Rapid ejection
  4. Reduced ejection
  5. Isovolumetric ejection
  6. Rapid filling
  7. Reduced filling
30
Q

If the heart rate is increased, what happens to the time of systole and diastole?

A
  • Systole stays the same

- Diastole gets shorter

31
Q

How long does each phase of the cardiac cycle take?

A

0.9 secs

32
Q

How longs is typical diastole ?

A

0.55 secs

33
Q

How long is typical systole?

A

0.35 secs

34
Q

What is the purpose of the wiggers diagram?

A

Allows us to compare the changes in pressure with time, and these can be equated with changes in volume and events occurring in ECG and sounds of the heart

35
Q

How many cardiac cycles make up one heart beat?

A

One heart beat

36
Q

What does one heart beat consist of?

A

One systole and one diastole

37
Q

Where do we usually start the cardiac cycle?

A

Usually starts when the atria contract

38
Q

What side of the heart is the wiggers diagram usually plotted for?

A

Left side

39
Q

What is stenosis?

A
  • Heart valve does not open enough

- Or there is an obstruction to blood flow when valve normally open

40
Q

What is regurgitation?

A
  • Valve does not close all the way

- Back leakage when valve should be closed

41
Q

What are the causes of aortic stenosis?

A
  • Degenerative (senile/calcification)
  • Congenital (bicuspid form of valve instead of tricuspid)
  • Chronic rheumatic fever
42
Q

What happens in aortic valve stenosis?

A
  • Less blood gets through valve
  • Inc LV pressure and LV hypertrophy
  • Left sided heart failure leads to syncope and angina
43
Q

What else can happen in aortic valve stenosis?

A

Blood being forced under such high pressure can lead to damage of RBC hence cause microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia.

44
Q

What are the causes of aortic valve regurgitation?

A
  • Aortic root dilation

- Valvular damage

CVS A (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions