Session 2 Inequalities & World Order

Question 1

since when is there an increase in income inequalities all around the world

Answer 1

1980

Question 2

comparaison 3 richest individuals & least developed countries

Answer 2

assets of the 3 richest individuals > GDPs of the world’s least developed countries (600M people)

Question 3

to what is related the rise of income inequalities

Answer 3

diffusion of the neoliberalism was the dominating economic model (ronald reagan & MT)

Question 4

ranking of the world regions in terms of inequalities

Answer 4

1) Middle East
2) Subsarahan Africa
3) Us-Canada
4) Russia / China
5) Europe

Question 5

money captured by the global top 1% earners in comparaison to the global economic growth of the 50% poorest individuals

Answer 5

2X

Question 6

situation of bottom of the income earners & middle class in 2016

Answer 6

• bottom 50% have enjoyed an important income growth (less poor)
• global middle class had been squeezed

Question 7

to what is due the inequalities in USA

Answer 7

education inequalities & tax system which becomes less progressive

Question 8

% of children whose parents are among the bottom 10% of income earners go to college

Answer 8

20-30%

Question 9

% of children whose parents are among the top 10% of income earners go to college

Answer 9

90%

Question 10

income tax rates’ advantages

Answer 10

• reduce the post-tax inequalities

- give the rich people less incentives to capture higher shares of growth

Question 11

how many tax rates usa has applied?

Answer 11

7

Question 12

pb of income tax in usa

Answer 12

people with highest income do not pay the highest tax rate for all their income

Question 13

obj of china when they did their market reforms late 70´s & introduce private actors onto the market

Answer 13

joining the WTO (2001)

—> pushed the growing of the state capitalism in their economy

Question 14

evolution of russia’s market economy

Answer 14

1990 —> no market economy

today —> full-fledged market eco

Question 15

sub-sahara African countries inequalities

Answer 15

• poorest region & 2nd most unequal region
• least developed region in the world
• life expectancy = 49.6y
• 46% people have access to clean water

Question 16

poverty cycle

Answer 16

set of circumstances that tend to make poverty self-perpetuating through its wider impact of health, civic order, pol & eco performances

Question 17

link poverty/disease

Answer 17

prevalence of AIDS

- 2007 : 68% HIV cases found in sub-saharan africa

Question 18

tool for world bank to measure inequalities

Answer 18

GDP per capita

Question 19

factors world bank should use to measure inequalities

Answer 19

life expectancy, educational opportunities, access to sanitary facilities

Question 20

accusation on measurement of inequalities

Answer 20

lacking neutrality + not taking into the exchanges rates, inflation level, living costs

Question 21

trends of inequalities since 1945

Answer 21

increasing from 1945 until now + boom 50s-60s mainly benefited Europe & US
—> 2001-2009 strong global economic growth sometimes benefited the poor & lower income countries more than wealthy ones