Session 1 Intro to geopolitics Flashcards

1
Q

obj of learning geopol

A

understand the world & the surroundings = our obligation as humans

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2
Q

roots of geopolitics

A

«big think» 1880-1910 = technological discoveries, 1st IR, competition among states

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3
Q

founding father of geopolitics

A

harold mackinder

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4
Q

harold mackinder 1904

A

«the geographical pivot of history»

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5
Q

Europe Asia Africa

A

«world islands»

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6
Q

obj of Mackinder

A

defend Britain’s power against Germany, preserve their land, maintain their wealth & aristocratic social structure

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7
Q

Superior cultures deserve to have more territory

A

Friedrich Ratzel = they will use it in a better way, supported expansion of Germany to the East

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8
Q

the 3rd world = a foreign space, wholly lacking in allure & best left on its own, tragic fate

A

George Kennan 1989

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9
Q

robert strausz-hupé

A
  • classical figure
  • «geopolitics: the struggle for space & power» 1942
  • famous diplomate & founder of the geopol studies in usa
  • idea of us intervention in the ww2, create an american-led world order, support the European integration
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10
Q

approach to studying contempler internat. affairs that is anchored in the study of history, geo & culture

A

Granieri 2015

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11
Q

study of the realities & mentalities of the localities

A

James Kurth

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12
Q

«multiple practices & représentations of a wide variety of territories»

A

Gilmartin & Kofman (2004)

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13
Q

«science of the conditioning of political processes by the earth. Based on the broad foundation of geography especially political geography, as the science of pol space organisms & their structure»

A

Haushofer 1928

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14
Q

how to understand geopol?

A

1) connection geopol & statesmanship + competition over territory & the resources within it
2) a way of seeing the world
3) involves diverse actors, situations, resources
4) anti-geopolitics : practices by individuals / indigenous people / others to resist the control & classification imposed by states & other powerful institutions

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15
Q

def geography

A

«systematic study of what makes places unique & the connection & interaction btwn places» + «study of the spatial organization of human activity» Knox & Marston 1998

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16
Q

places : 3 inter-related aspects

A

location, locale, sense of place

17
Q

location

A

role a place plays in the world, its function (capital, economic center)

18
Q

locale

A

institution that organize activity, politics & ID in a place (families, schools, workplaces, labor unions, political parties…)

19
Q

sense of place

A

people’s ID closely related to their attachment to a place (conflits gaza strip)

20
Q

south china sea’s disputes

A

2016 : the permanent court of arbitration ruled in favor of philippines but china did not accept
—> now joint offshore gas & oil exploitation by China & Philippines

21
Q

cosmopolitarism

A

people who think they belong to everywhere

22
Q

global citizens

A

belong to everywhere & nowhere

23
Q

robert kaplan

A

thinks geo is still imp for politics : -civilization without natural geographical barriers = insecure (china, russia, iran) and tend to invade other nations & develop a despotic regime

  • technological progress makes geo + imp
  • for him, european countries = the best
  • the bigger the country is, the stronger state he needs to have to control it
24
Q

weakness of kaplan

A
  • neglects the efficiency of international norms & organizations in solving conflicts
25
Q

ex of state-building

A

-earliest states appeared in china & middle east (nile, mesopotamia)
—> existence of vast deserts alongside the agricultural regions & the presence of nomadic people (arab&muslims) made it necessary to have a centralized state authority

26
Q

why state-building in Africa was late ?

A

vast highlands without natural borders = easy to flee when we don’t like the ruler

27
Q

new tech & internet

A

notion of space & time turned down

28
Q

scale

A

geographic scope/ reach in which the action of individuals & groups of individuals range

29
Q

ex of scale

A

families, municipalities, province, country,… ex = voting

30
Q

particularity of scales

A

the larger the scale of human activity is, the less aware we are of the implication of our actions

31
Q

geopolitical agent

A

—> people / groups of people / organization who conduct geopol.
(individuals, families, NGOs, pol parties, pressures groups, terrorists, states, internat. org)
—> interconnected & try to realize their obj

32
Q

ex of geopolitical agent

A

north korea trying to have its own nuclear weaponry —> other agents can influence (UN)

33
Q

structure

A

set of rules and norms that practically determine what can and cannot / should and should not be done. —> expression of power
—> can also be an agent (feminist mvt)

34
Q

agency

A

act of trying to achieve a particular goal

35
Q

methodology agents - structure

A

1) agents cannot act freely but able to make choices
2) agents act within a structure
3) structures limit/ constraint the possible action of agents
4) structures can facilitate agents (provide opportunities to attain goals)
5) an agent can be a structure and vice-versa