Session 2: Health Improvement and Understanding Study Designs Flashcards
What is health promotion?
The process of enabling people to increase control over and to improve their health, going beyond healthy lifestyles and wellbeing.
What are the building blocks of health?
Money and resources.
Surroundings.
Housing.
Family, friends and communities.
Food.
Transport.
Work.
Education and skills.
What is the virtuous cycle of public health?
What are the 5 components of the Ottawa Charter?
Personal skills.
Community actions.
Supportive environments.
Heathy public policy.
Reorienting health services.
What is community development for health improvement?
Addressing problems and building strengths which can be:
- Externally driven.
- Community-led.
What are the population targeted, the intentions, the different strategies and examples of:
- Primary prevention.
- Secondary prevention.
- Tertiary prevention.
What are the different ways screening can be primary, secondary and tertiary prevention?
Primary - identifying a treatable risk factor.
Secondary - looking at patients who are yet to be diagnosed.
Tertiary - preventing complications.
What are universal approaches to health prevention?
State when it is useful and the drawbacks.
Reducing the risk across the whole population.
When the risk factor is common, there is likely to be a bigger impact.
Interventions where uptake/ access is important, it can increase inequalities.
What are targeted approaches to health prevention?
State when it is useful.
Targeted approaches aim to identify those most at risk and then tailor messages and approaches to that group or groups.
Tailor the need to specific communities and can help to tackle inequity.
What is making every contact count?
Giving ‘brief opportunistic advice’, that helps support people to make healthy changes.
What are the 3 key steps for making every contact count?
Ask - identify an opportunity and ask whether they’d like to discuss the issue.
Assist - uses open questions, show empathy and active listening, share information and give a positive spin.
Act - ask about next steps, signposts to information or refer on if they wish.
What are some key areas that making every contact count looks at?
Promoting mental and emotional health & wellbeing.
Reducing alcohol consumption.
Stopping smoking.
Increasing physical activity.
Maintaining a healthy weight and diet.
What are the advantages of randomised control trials?
Can state causation.
Can compare to current treatment standards.
Removes selection bias through randomisation.
What are the disadvantages of randomised control trials?
Time consuming.
Ethical issues.
More expensive as large sample sizes.
What are cohort studies?
Observational studies where data is collected at certain points based on exposure to a risk factor, over a period of time from a group of participants.
