Session 2 - Embryonic Development Flashcards
what are the 3 duct systems in the development of the kidney
paranephros, mesonephros, metanephros
where does the paranephros develop from
the cervical region of intermediate mesoderm
which duct system starts to produce urine
mesonephros
true or false: the mesonephros can store water/urine
false - it can only produce it
what is the ureteric bud
a sprouting from the mesonephros which interacts with intermediate mesoderm to produce the metanephros
what does the ureteric bud develop into
the ureter
what happens to the mesonephric duct once the metanephros is produce
it either regresses or is used in the development of the male reproductive tract
how is the urogenital sinus created
by dividing the cloaca with the urorectal septum
what is the urachus
part of the urogenital sinus which is continuous with the umbilicus
what does the urogenital sinus develop into
the urethra and bladder
what are the 4 parts of the urethra in males
Pelvic:
- pre-prostatic
- prostatic
- membranous
Phallic:
- spongy
how do the kidneys migrate
they ascend cranially, mostly due to the elongation of the embryo but also due to movement of the kidney itself
how are the accessory vessels produced
as the kidneys ascend they create new blood vessels with the old ones regressing. if the old vessels don’t regress properly them remain as accessory vessels
what type of blood vessels are accessory vessels
end arteries
what is renal agenesis
where there is failure of interaction between the ureteric bud and the intermediate mesoderm causing lack of development of the kidney
what happens to the amniotic fluid in renal agenesis
if there is no development of either kidney then the amniotic level will fall
what is pelvic kidney
where a kidney remains in the pelvic region
what are the causes of pelvic kidney
poor development, defects in tissue, genetic abnormalities
what is horseshoe kidney
where during the ascent of the kidneys, they are blocked by abdominal aortic vessels and so the bottoms of the kidneys fuse together to give 1 horseshoe shaped kidney
what is the duplication defect
where there is partial or complete splitting of the ureteric bud
what would happen if their is an ectopic ureteral opening inferior to the bladder
there would be urinary incontinence as the urethra doesn’t have sphincters to hold the urine in
what is hypospadias
where there is incomplete fusion of the genital folds to form the spongy urethra
when is a urorectal fistula formed
when the urorectal septum doesn’t divide the cloaca properly to burst through the membrane
when might urine leak out of the umbilicus following birth
when the urachus doesn’t close up properly
what does the urachus form after birth
it closes to form the median umbilicus ligament
what is the urachus
part of the urogenital sinus which is continuous with the umbilicus