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Urinary > Session 2- Development > Flashcards

Session 2- Development Flashcards

1
Q

Name the three stages of the kidney in development

A

Pronephron, mesonephron, metanephron

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2
Q

At what week does the kidney start producing urine

A

Week 12

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3
Q

Define oligohydramnios and name a cause

A

Low amniotic fluid from renal agenesis

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4
Q

What is the mesonephron composed of

A

A mesonephric duct and mesonephric tubules. Sprouts the ureteric bud

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5
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in Ms and Fs

A

Males- vas deferens

Females- regresses

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6
Q

What is the ureteric bud

A

Buds off the mesonephron and becomes the collecting system for the metanephron

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7
Q

What is the functional tissue of the kidney formed from

A

The metanephric blastema

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8
Q

What does the urorectal septum do

A

Separates the cloca into urethral and rectal passages

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9
Q

What happens if the urorectal septum doesn’t work

A

Get a urorectal fistula (urethra and rectum are connected into one opening)

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10
Q

What is the cloaca

A

Urogenitorectal passage

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11
Q

What is the allantois

A

Diverticulum of the yolk sac, during folding becomes involved in bladder formation

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12
Q

What does the allantois become

A

The urachus

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13
Q

What does the urachus become

A

The median umbilical ligament in adults

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14
Q

What happens if the urachus stays open at the umbilicus?

A

A urachal fistula, urine leaks from bellybutton

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15
Q

What is the urogenital ridge?

A

A region giving rise to embryonic kidney and gonad

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16
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become?

A

Pelvic part: Prostate & bulbourethral glands
Prostatic and membranous urethra

Phallic part: Spongy urethra

17
Q

What is a pelvic kidney

A

Kidney fails to ascend

18
Q

Why do kidneys often have accessory renal arteries

A

Because as they ascend they take arteries with them

19
Q

What is a horseshoe kidney (other than lucky)

A

As kidneys ascend can get stuck on IMA and inferior poles fuse

20
Q

What signals to the metanephric blastema to induce it to become the true kidney?

A

The ureteric bud

21
Q

If the ureteric bud doesn’t signal to the metanephric blastema, what results?

A

Renal agenesis

22
Q

Most common renal congenital abnormality?

A

Ureteral duplication

23
Q

How does ureteral duplication occur?

A

If ureteric bud divides before entering the metanephric blastema then get two ureters from one kidney. One may be ectopic e.g. into vagina

24
Q

Define hypospadia?

A

Meatus isn’t in penis (urethral folds failed to fuse lower down)

25
Q

What does the urogenital sinus become?

A

Bladder, urethra
Lower vagina
Prostatic and penile urethra

26
Q

What does the hindgut become?

A

Rectum

27
Q

What does the ureteric bud become?

A

The collecting system i.e. minor calyxes, major calyxes, renal pelvis, ureter

28
Q

What does the metanephric blastema become?

A

Bowman’s, PCT, LoH, DCT

Urinary (11 decks)

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