Session 2 - Anatomy of the Resp System Flashcards
Which ribs are true ribs? Which are false? Which are floating ribs?
True ribs- 1 to 7
False - 8 to 12
Floating - 11 and 12
Why are false ribs called so? Why are floating ribs called so?
False ribs indirectly attach to sternum
Floating ribs dont attach to sternum
What is the name of the area along which the intercostal vein, artery and nerves run? Where is it found
costal groove, just under a rib
Which ribs are considered typical ribs? What are the features of a typical rib?
- Ribs 3 to 9 are considered typical
- Contain 2 articular facets separated by a crest
- Costal groove protects the neurovascular supply of the thorax
Describe the features of rib 1 and 2
Rib 1:
- Shorter and wider than other ribs.
- Only one facet on head for articulation
- Superior surface marked by two grooves which make way for subclavian vessels.
Rib 2:
- Thinner and longer than rib 1
- Two articular facets on the head
- Roughened area on upper surface for serratus anterior attachment.
Describe the features of ribs 11 and 12
No neck, floating, only one facet used to articulate with corresponding vertebrae.
What are the 3 Intercostal muscles? Put them in anterior to posterior order. What direction do their fibres run and what is their function?
External - innermost - internal
1) External intercostals – run inferior and anteriorly. Innervated by intercostal nerves and elevate the ribs to expand volume of thoracic cage during forced inspiration
2) Innermost intercostals – Run inferior and posteriorly. Innervated by intercostal nerve and depress the ribs to reduce the volume of thoracic cage during forced inspiration.
3) Internal intercostals – Same as innermost.
State the vertebral levels at which there are openings in the diaphragm for: a) Vena cava b) Oesophagus c) Aorta
a) T8 (8 letters)
b) T10 (10 letters)
c) T12
What nerve supplies the diaphragm?
phrenic - c3, 4, 5 keeps you alive
What order do the intercostal vasculature run, superior to inferior?
VAN
Vein Artery Nerve
What is the function of the pleural sac?
- Allows pleural surfaces to slide on each other
- Forces between fluid molecules also resist the 2 surfaces being pulled apart
- Therefore when thorax expands along with parietal pleura the visceral pleura and lung expands with it.
What is contained in the mediastinum?
Central compartment in the thoracic cavity that contains the heart, great vessels, trachea, oesophagus, phrenic and cardiac nerve, thymus and thoracic duct.
Which muscles are used during quiet respiration?
Inspiration - external intercostal to elevate and contract diaphragm
Expiration - elastic recoil of chest wall and lungs
Which muscles are used during forced inspiration?
External intercostal, sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles of neck
Which muscles are used during forced expiration
Internal and innermost intercostal, anterior abdominal wall muscles
