Session 1 - Intro to resp Flashcards
Label
What epithelium lines the nasal cavity?
Pseudostratified ciliated with goblet cells
LABEL
Superior, middle, inferior concha
What is the function of the nasal cavity?
Filters and humidifies air Smells
Label
Whats the name of the tube which connects the nasopharynx to the middle ear cavity?
eustachian tube
Where are the vocal cords located?
in the larynx
What is the function of the vocal cords?
Prevents food entering the trachea
What controls the movement of the vocal cords and what is the name of the nerve that supplies them? How does the pathway of the nerve differ on the left and right side of the body?
Muscles of larynx.
Nerve - Recurrent laryngeal muscles
Left - curves underneath arch of aorta
Right - curves underneath subclavian artery
How many main bronchi are on the right and on the left?
3 on the right, 2 on the left
Name the divisions of the bronchus
Bronchus –> Lobar Bronchi –> Segmental bronchi –> subsegmental bronchi –> bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –> alveolar ducts –> alveoli
What is the epithelium of the pharynx?
psuedostratified ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelium of the Larynx?
psuedostratified ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelium of the Trachea?
psuedostratified ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelium of the lobar bronchi?
psuedostratified ciliated with goblet cells
What is the epithelium of the bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal ciliated with clara cells
What is the epithelium of the alveolar ducts?
Simple cuboidal with clara cells
What is the epithelium of the terminal bronchioles?
Simple cuboidal with clara cells
What is the epithelium of the alveoli?
simple squamous
What happens to pulmonary blood flow when pO2 is low?
local vasoconstriction
label
What complications can occur in a viral URTI?
- Can spread to the sinuses via their openings in the nasal cavity
- Can spread to middle ear via eustachian tube
How can a decrease of pharyngeal muscle tone result in sleep apnoea?
sleep apnoea (decrease of pharyngeal muscle tone during sleep results in muscles becoming floppy and tongue obstructing trachea during sleep)
What is the name of the 2 layers of the pleural sac?
visceral and parietal
What is the name of the space between the 2 layers of the pleural sac?
pleural cavity
Label
Define pressure
Gas molecules hitting the sides of a container
What is boyle’s law?
Pressure inversely proportional to volume
What is charles’ law?
Higher temp = higher pressure
How do you calculate partial pressure?
the same fraction of the total pressure as the volume fraction of the gas in the mixture.
Is partial pressure dependent on the size of the molecule or the number of molecules or both?
dependent on number of molecules
What is saturated vapour pressure?
when equilibrium is reached in terms of water molecules entering and leaving the water
What is saturated vapour pressure dependent on?
Temperature
What is gas tension? What does it indicate?
Gas tension is the rate at which molecules of gas in the water hit the walls of the liquid and the interface between liquid and gas, and therefore indicates how readily the gas leaves the liquid.
Define content of a liquid
• Content = solubility x tension •
Some liquids bind much more gas than others. Content is therefore the amount of gas in a liquid.
Define the tidal volume
The lung volume that represents the amount of air that is displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied.
