Session 2 - Anatomy Of Resp System Flashcards
What makes up the posterior, lateral and anterior border of the thoracic cage?
Posterior - Thoracic Verterbrae
Lateral - Ribs and ICS
Anteriorly - Sternum and Costal Cartilages
What does the tubercle of a typical rib articulate with?
The transverse processes of its corresponding vertebra
Name some characteristic features of thoracic vertebra.
- Demi-facets
- Costal facets on transverse processes
- Long inferiorly slanting spinous processes
Which of the ribs are considered as atypical?
1st, 2nd, 10th, 11th and 12th
Which ribs are the floating ribs?
11th and 12th
Each ICS contains 3 muscles, name them.
External Intercostals
Internal Intercostals
Innermost Intercostals
Which muscle/s of the ICS are used during forced expiration?
Internal Intercostals and Innermost Intercostals
When are the External Intercostal muscles used?
During all forms of inspiration both quiet and forced to increase the diameter of the chest
What three main structures pass through the diaphragm and at which spinal levels?
Vena Cava - T8
Oesophagus - T10
Aortic Hiatus - T12
What is the nerve supply to the diaphragm and what are that nerves nerve roots?
Phrenic nerve (T3,4,5)
When performing a pleural aspiration or inserting a chest drain, where in the ICS should you insert the needle?
Just superior to the rib below, this avoids the major neurovascular structures that supply the rib
Which two arteries supply most of the ICS?
Posterior and Anterior intercostal arteries
Describe the vessels that blood passes through from the heart to the Anterior intercostal artery? (ICS 3 onwards)
Heart -> Arch of Aorta -> Subclavian -> Internal Thoracic -> Anterior Intercostal
Describe the venous drainage of the ICS?
2 anterior and 1 posterior intercostal vein
Describe the differences between where the right and left posterior intercostal veins drain into?
Right - Azygous -> SVC
Left - Hemiazygous -> SVC
Describe the blood supply of the pleura.
The arterial supply is by the internal thoracic arterys and the venous drainage is by the internal thoracic veins
What is important about the surface tension of the pleural fluid?
It provides the cohesion that keeps the lung surface in contact with the thoracic wall. As such as the chest wall expands so do the lungs
Name the three lines of pleural reflection.
Sternal
Costal
Diaphragmatic
Describe the lobes of each lung.
The right lung has a superior, middle and inferior lobe
The left lung has just a superior and inferior lobe
At what anatomical landmarks does the trachea begin and end?
Begins at the level of the cricoid cartilage
Terminates by dividing into the two main bronchi at the level of the sternum
Which bronchi are inspired objects more likely to fall and why?
Right main bronchus
The angle between the right main bronchi and trachea is more vertical and hence objects are much more common to fall into there
Describe some of the features of the pulmonary circulation that allow it to carry out its function.
- Low resistance due to short wide vessels in parallel
- Arterioles have little smooth muscle
