Session 2 Flashcards
TPR
What is the normal body temperature range for dogs?
37.5 - 39.0°C
What is the normal body temperature range for cats?
38.0 - 39.0°C.
What is hypothermia?
Abnormally low body temperature, which can be fatal and cause various systemic issues.
What are the temperature ranges for hypothermia classifications?
Mild: 32 - 35°C
Moderate: 28 - 32°C
Severe: below 28°C
What are some symptoms of hypothermia?
Tiredness, shivering, paleness, muscle stiffness, low blood pressure, shallow breathing, fixed dilated pupils.
What are some causes of hypothermia?
Prolonged cold exposure, shock, anesthesia, organ failure, and certain diseases like hypothyroidism.
How should you treat hypothermia?
Gradually warm the patient, monitor temperature, and provide a warm environment.
What is hyperthermia?
Abnormally high body temperature, which can lead to serious health risks.
What are some symptoms of hyperthermia?
Excessive panting, collapse, vomiting, seizures, and altered consciousness.
How should you cool a patient experiencing hyperthermia?
Move them to a cool area, apply cool packs, and use fans; avoid overcooling.
What are the types of thermometers used for measuring temperature?
Digital and rectal thermometers.
How do you take a rectal temperature in an animal?
Lubricate the thermometer, insert it appropriately based on animal size, and wait for the reading.
Describe the heart’s structure in animals.
Four chambers: Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle, with valves regulating blood flow.
What are the two main types of cardiac auscultation?
Direct (without instruments) and indirect (using a stethoscope).
What is a cardiac murmur?
The sound of turbulent blood flow typically heard during auscultation, indicating possible heart issues.
What does “bradycardia” refer to?
A slower than normal heart rate.
What does “tachycardia” refer to?
A faster than normal heart rate.
What are normal heart rates for dogs and cats?
Dogs: 70-160 bpm; Cats: 150-220 bpm.
What does CRT stand for, and what does it measure?
Capillary Refill Time; it measures the rate of color return in mucous membranes after pressure is applied.
What is the normal blood pressure range for dogs and cats?
Dogs: 90-120 mmHg; Cats: 100-150 mmHg.
