Session 1.4c - Examplify Session 1B Flashcards
Headandneckanatomy2018
On the following image which blood vessel does the letter A relate to?
A. Internal carotid artery B. Superficial temporal artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Vertebral artery F. Occipital artery G. Pre auricular artery H. Lingual artery I. Superior thyroid artery
C. Facial artery
On the following image which blood vessel does the letter E relate to?
A. Internal carotid artery B. Superficial temporal artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Vertebral artery F. Occipital artery G. Pre auricular artery H. Lingual artery I. Superior thyroid artery
B. Superficial temporal artery
On the following image which blood vessel does the letter B relate to?
A. Internal carotid artery B. Superficial temporal artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Vertebral artery F. Occipital artery G. Pre auricular artery H. Lingual artery I. Superior thyroid artery
E. Vertebral artery
On the following image which blood vessel does the letter C relate to?
A. Internal carotid artery B. Superficial temporal artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Vertebral artery F. Occipital artery G. Pre auricular artery H. Lingual artery I. Superior thyroid artery
A. Internal carotid artery
On the following image which blood vessel does the letter D relate to?
A. Internal carotid artery B. Superficial temporal artery C. Facial artery D. Maxillary artery E. Vertebral artery F. Occipital artery G. Pre auricular artery H. Lingual artery I. Superior thyroid artery
F. Occipital artery
Which of the following are NOT branches of the external carotid artery (tick all that apply)?
A. Superficial temporal artery B. Facial artery C. Vertebral artery D. Occipital artery E. Lingual artery F. Ophthalmic artery
C. Vertebral artery
F. Ophthalmic artery
Vertebral and ophthalmic arteries.
Vertebral arteries branch from the subclavian and the ophthalmic artery is a branch from the internal carotid artery.
If you weren’t too sure of this question revisit either the Extracranial blood vessel lecture and/or small group work. Recall the mnemonic that might help you remember the branches: “Some Anatomists Like Freaking Out Poor Medical Students”. The two terminal branches (included within this mnemonic) are the maxillary and superficial temporal arteries. The facial artery provides the main arterial blood supply to the face. Its pulse can be felt if you press gently at the inferior border of the mandible, just in front of the masseter muscle.
The ophthalmic artery (a branch of internal carotid artery) passes from intracranial to extracranial- into the orbit- through the orbital canal with the optic nerve. It carries the blood supply to the eye and orbital structures and gives rise to many branches. One of the important branches is the central retinal artery which supplies the retina (you will have met this in the Eye Session, group work questions). Blockage of this artery can cause sudden, acute and painless loss of vision.
The ophthalmic artery also branches to give the supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries which ascend up, out of the orbit, to contribute to the rich blood supply of the scalp. You perhaps came across these when learning about the blood supply to the scalp in Session 1 (self-study)
Through which of the ‘holes’ labelled A to G does the middle meningeal artery pass?
A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
F
This is the foramen spinosum. The middle meningeal artery supplies the dura, one of the three membranous coverings of the brain. It runs between the tough outer meningeal layer (dura) and the bone. Normally the dural layer is “stuck” to the inner surface of the skull bone. When a skull injury causes bleeding from the middle meningeal artery (or its branches) the blood accumulates between the skull bone and the dura, stripping the dura from the bone. We describe this bleed as an extradural haemorrhage, extra as it is on the ‘outside’ of the dura, not under it. While we can describe this type of bleed as intracranial (i.e. within the cranial cavity) it is not ‘in’ the brain tissue itself (i.e. intracerebral). However, the accumulation of blood, if significant, can certainly compress and cause damage to the brain and other structures within the cranial cavity.
This is because the skull is a fixed ‘box’ in a sense, capable of holding a certain volume. Any significant addition to the volume of contents e.g. a bleed or a tumour, will lead to a rise in intracranial pressure (pressure inside the skull) since the skull is not capable of increasing in size. This rise in pressure is going to start to squash and shift the softer tissues within the skull like the brain (since the bone isn’t going to move!). If this pressure isn’t relieved e.g. surgically putting a hole through the skull, the lower part of the brain (the brainstem) can start to herniate through the biggest hole in the skull, the foramen magnum. This of course is extremely bad news for the patient, who by this point will be very unwell.
