Session 12: Antimicrobials Flashcards
5 main methods of anti-microbials
Inhibiting:
Cell wall synthesis
Nucleic acid synthesis
Cell membrane synthesis
Protein synthesis
Folate synthesis
Stopping metabolite production
Explain bactericidal
Destroying / killing bacteria
Explain bacteriostatic
Stopping divisions and replication of bacteria and slowing down the growth.
The body still needs to deal with the bacteria.
Give examples of antibiotic resistance
Efflux of medicine
Immunity or bypass
Target modification
Inactivation of enzymes
Give specific examples of resistance.
Beta lactamase enzymes
Efflux pumps
Why is drug monitoring sometimes needed for antimicrobials?
Narrow therapeutic window
Maximum effect antibiotic
Risk of toxicity
Give examples of anti-microbial where drug monitoring will be needed.
Gentamicin
Vancomycin
Explain minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)
The minimum concentration needed to kill a bacteria
Explain time-dependent killing of bacteria.
The anti-microbial concentration must just be over the MIC for an extended period of time to work.
The concentration above the MIC does not matter.
The long half lives are beneficial of such antibiotics and spend a longer time at the binding sites.
Explain concentration dependent antibiotics.
The concentration is important even above the MIC. Time is not as big of a factor and just need a certain concentration to have an effect at the binding sites.
Give example of time-dependent antibiotic
Beta-lactams
Give example of concentration dependent antibiotic.
Aminoglycosides
Examples of combination antibiotics.
Tazocin
Co-trimoxazole
Co-amoxiclav
Components of co-amoxiclav
Clavulanic acid
Amoxicillin
